| 1 | ===============
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| 2 | USB/IP protocol
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| 3 | ===============
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| 4 |
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| 5 | Architecture
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| 6 | ============
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| 7 |
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| 8 | The USB/IP protocol follows a server/client architecture. The server exports the
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| 9 | USB devices and the clients import them. The device driver for the exported
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| 10 | USB device runs on the client machine.
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| 11 |
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| 12 | The client may ask for the list of the exported USB devices. To get the list the
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| 13 | client opens a TCP/IP connection to the server, and sends an OP_REQ_DEVLIST
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| 14 | packet on top of the TCP/IP connection (so the actual OP_REQ_DEVLIST may be sent
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| 15 | in one or more pieces at the low level transport layer). The server sends back
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| 16 | the OP_REP_DEVLIST packet which lists the exported USB devices. Finally the
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| 17 | TCP/IP connection is closed.
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| 18 |
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| 19 | ::
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| 20 |
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| 21 | virtual host controller usb host
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| 22 | "client" "server"
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| 23 | (imports USB devices) (exports USB devices)
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| 24 | | |
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| 25 | | OP_REQ_DEVLIST |
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| 26 | | ----------------------------------------------> |
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| 27 | | |
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| 28 | | OP_REP_DEVLIST |
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| 29 | | <---------------------------------------------- |
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| 30 | | |
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| 31 |
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| 32 | Once the client knows the list of exported USB devices it may decide to use one
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| 33 | of them. First the client opens a TCP/IP connection to the server and
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| 34 | sends an OP_REQ_IMPORT packet. The server replies with OP_REP_IMPORT. If the
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| 35 | import was successful the TCP/IP connection remains open and will be used
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| 36 | to transfer the URB traffic between the client and the server. The client may
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| 37 | send two types of packets: the USBIP_CMD_SUBMIT to submit an URB, and
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| 38 | USBIP_CMD_UNLINK to unlink a previously submitted URB. The answers of the
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| 39 | server may be USBIP_RET_SUBMIT and USBIP_RET_UNLINK respectively.
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| 40 |
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| 41 | ::
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| 42 |
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| 43 | virtual host controller usb host
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| 44 | "client" "server"
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| 45 | (imports USB devices) (exports USB devices)
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| 46 | | |
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| 47 | | OP_REQ_IMPORT |
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| 48 | | ----------------------------------------------> |
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| 49 | | |
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| 50 | | OP_REP_IMPORT |
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| 51 | | <---------------------------------------------- |
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| 52 | | |
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| 53 | | |
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| 54 | | USBIP_CMD_SUBMIT(seqnum = n) |
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| 55 | | ----------------------------------------------> |
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| 56 | | |
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| 57 | | USBIP_RET_SUBMIT(seqnum = n) |
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| 58 | | <---------------------------------------------- |
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| 59 | | . |
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| 60 | | : |
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| 61 | | |
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| 62 | | USBIP_CMD_SUBMIT(seqnum = m) |
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| 63 | | ----------------------------------------------> |
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| 64 | | |
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| 65 | | USBIP_CMD_SUBMIT(seqnum = m+1) |
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| 66 | | ----------------------------------------------> |
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| 67 | | |
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| 68 | | USBIP_CMD_SUBMIT(seqnum = m+2) |
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| 69 | | ----------------------------------------------> |
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| 70 | | |
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| 71 | | USBIP_RET_SUBMIT(seqnum = m) |
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| 72 | | <---------------------------------------------- |
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| 73 | | |
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| 74 | | USBIP_CMD_SUBMIT(seqnum = m+3) |
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| 75 | | ----------------------------------------------> |
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| 76 | | |
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| 77 | | USBIP_RET_SUBMIT(seqnum = m+1) |
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| 78 | | <---------------------------------------------- |
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| 79 | | |
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| 80 | | USBIP_CMD_SUBMIT(seqnum = m+4) |
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| 81 | | ----------------------------------------------> |
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| 82 | | |
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| 83 | | USBIP_RET_SUBMIT(seqnum = m+2) |
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| 84 | | <---------------------------------------------- |
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| 85 | | . |
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| 86 | | : |
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| 87 |
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| 88 | For UNLINK, note that after a successful USBIP_RET_UNLINK, the unlinked URB
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| 89 | submission would not have a corresponding USBIP_RET_SUBMIT (this is explained in
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| 90 | function stub_recv_cmd_unlink of drivers/usb/usbip/stub_rx.c).
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| 91 |
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| 92 | ::
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| 93 |
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| 94 | virtual host controller usb host
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| 95 | "client" "server"
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| 96 | (imports USB devices) (exports USB devices)
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| 97 | | |
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| 98 | | USBIP_CMD_SUBMIT(seqnum = p) |
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| 99 | | ----------------------------------------------> |
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| 100 | | |
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| 101 | | USBIP_CMD_UNLINK |
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| 102 | | (seqnum = p+1, unlink_seqnum = p) |
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| 103 | | ----------------------------------------------> |
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| 104 | | |
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| 105 | | USBIP_RET_UNLINK |
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| 106 | | (seqnum = p+1, status = -ECONNRESET) |
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| 107 | | <---------------------------------------------- |
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| 108 | | |
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| 109 | | Note: No USBIP_RET_SUBMIT(seqnum = p) |
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| 110 | | <--X---X---X---X---X---X---X---X---X---X---X--- |
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| 111 | | . |
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| 112 | | : |
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| 113 | | |
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| 114 | | USBIP_CMD_SUBMIT(seqnum = q) |
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| 115 | | ----------------------------------------------> |
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| 116 | | |
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| 117 | | USBIP_RET_SUBMIT(seqnum = q) |
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| 118 | | <---------------------------------------------- |
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| 119 | | |
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| 120 | | USBIP_CMD_UNLINK |
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| 121 | | (seqnum = q+1, unlink_seqnum = q) |
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| 122 | | ----------------------------------------------> |
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| 123 | | |
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| 124 | | USBIP_RET_UNLINK |
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| 125 | | (seqnum = q+1, status = 0) |
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| 126 | | <---------------------------------------------- |
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| 127 | | |
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| 128 |
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| 129 | The fields are in network (big endian) byte order meaning that the most significant
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| 130 | byte (MSB) is stored at the lowest address.
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| 131 |
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| 132 | Protocol Version
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| 133 | ================
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| 134 |
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| 135 | The documented USBIP version is v1.1.1. The binary representation of this
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| 136 | version in message headers is 0x0111.
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| 137 |
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| 138 | This is defined in tools/usb/usbip/configure.ac
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| 139 |
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| 140 | Message Format
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| 141 | ==============
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| 142 |
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| 143 | OP_REQ_DEVLIST:
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| 144 | Retrieve the list of exported USB devices.
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| 145 |
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| 146 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 147 | | Offset | Length | Value | Description |
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| 148 | +===========+========+============+===================================================+
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| 149 | | 0 | 2 | | USBIP version |
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| 150 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 151 | | 2 | 2 | 0x8005 | Command code: Retrieve the list of exported USB |
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| 152 | | | | | devices. |
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| 153 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 154 | | 4 | 4 | 0x00000000 | Status: unused, shall be set to 0 |
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| 155 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 156 |
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| 157 | OP_REP_DEVLIST:
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| 158 | Reply with the list of exported USB devices.
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| 159 |
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| 160 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 161 | | Offset | Length | Value | Description |
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| 162 | +===========+========+============+===================================================+
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| 163 | | 0 | 2 | | USBIP version |
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| 164 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 165 | | 2 | 2 | 0x0005 | Reply code: The list of exported USB devices. |
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| 166 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 167 | | 4 | 4 | 0x00000000 | Status: 0 for OK |
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| 168 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 169 | | 8 | 4 | n | Number of exported devices: 0 means no exported |
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| 170 | | | | | devices. |
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| 171 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 172 | | 0x0C | | | From now on the exported n devices are described, |
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| 173 | | | | | if any. If no devices are exported the message |
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| 174 | | | | | ends with the previous "number of exported |
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| 175 | | | | | devices" field. |
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| 176 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 177 | | | 256 | | path: Path of the device on the host exporting the|
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| 178 | | | | | USB device, string closed with zero byte, e.g. |
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| 179 | | | | | "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.1/usb3/3-2" |
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| 180 | | | | | The unused bytes shall be filled with zero |
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| 181 | | | | | bytes. |
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| 182 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 183 | | 0x10C | 32 | | busid: Bus ID of the exported device, string |
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| 184 | | | | | closed with zero byte, e.g. "3-2". The unused |
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| 185 | | | | | bytes shall be filled with zero bytes. |
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| 186 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 187 | | 0x12C | 4 | | busnum |
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| 188 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 189 | | 0x130 | 4 | | devnum |
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| 190 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 191 | | 0x134 | 4 | | speed |
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| 192 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 193 | | 0x138 | 2 | | idVendor |
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| 194 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 195 | | 0x13A | 2 | | idProduct |
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| 196 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 197 | | 0x13C | 2 | | bcdDevice |
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| 198 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 199 | | 0x13E | 1 | | bDeviceClass |
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| 200 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 201 | | 0x13F | 1 | | bDeviceSubClass |
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| 202 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 203 | | 0x140 | 1 | | bDeviceProtocol |
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| 204 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 205 | | 0x141 | 1 | | bConfigurationValue |
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| 206 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 207 | | 0x142 | 1 | | bNumConfigurations |
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| 208 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 209 | | 0x143 | 1 | | bNumInterfaces |
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| 210 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 211 | | 0x144 | | m_0 | From now on each interface is described, all |
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| 212 | | | | | together bNumInterfaces times, with the following |
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| 213 | | | | | 4 fields: |
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| 214 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 215 | | | 1 | | bInterfaceClass |
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| 216 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 217 | | 0x145 | 1 | | bInterfaceSubClass |
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| 218 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 219 | | 0x146 | 1 | | bInterfaceProtocol |
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| 220 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 221 | | 0x147 | 1 | | padding byte for alignment, shall be set to zero |
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| 222 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 223 | | 0xC + | | | The second exported USB device starts at i=1 |
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| 224 | | i*0x138 + | | | with the path field. |
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| 225 | | m_(i-1)*4 | | | |
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| 226 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 227 |
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| 228 | OP_REQ_IMPORT:
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| 229 | Request to import (attach) a remote USB device.
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| 230 |
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| 231 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 232 | | Offset | Length | Value | Description |
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| 233 | +===========+========+============+===================================================+
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| 234 | | 0 | 2 | | USBIP version |
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| 235 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 236 | | 2 | 2 | 0x8003 | Command code: import a remote USB device. |
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| 237 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 238 | | 4 | 4 | 0x00000000 | Status: unused, shall be set to 0 |
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| 239 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 240 | | 8 | 32 | | busid: the busid of the exported device on the |
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| 241 | | | | | remote host. The possible values are taken |
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| 242 | | | | | from the message field OP_REP_DEVLIST.busid. |
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| 243 | | | | | A string closed with zero, the unused bytes |
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| 244 | | | | | shall be filled with zeros. |
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| 245 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 246 |
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| 247 | OP_REP_IMPORT:
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| 248 | Reply to import (attach) a remote USB device.
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| 249 |
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| 250 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 251 | | Offset | Length | Value | Description |
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| 252 | +===========+========+============+===================================================+
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| 253 | | 0 | 2 | | USBIP version |
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| 254 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 255 | | 2 | 2 | 0x0003 | Reply code: Reply to import. |
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| 256 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 257 | | 4 | 4 | 0x00000000 | Status: |
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| 258 | | | | | |
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| 259 | | | | | - 0 for OK |
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| 260 | | | | | - 1 for error |
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| 261 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 262 | | 8 | | | From now on comes the details of the imported |
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| 263 | | | | | device, if the previous status field was OK (0), |
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| 264 | | | | | otherwise the reply ends with the status field. |
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| 265 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 266 | | | 256 | | path: Path of the device on the host exporting the|
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| 267 | | | | | USB device, string closed with zero byte, e.g. |
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| 268 | | | | | "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.1/usb3/3-2" |
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| 269 | | | | | The unused bytes shall be filled with zero |
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| 270 | | | | | bytes. |
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| 271 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 272 | | 0x108 | 32 | | busid: Bus ID of the exported device, string |
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| 273 | | | | | closed with zero byte, e.g. "3-2". The unused |
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| 274 | | | | | bytes shall be filled with zero bytes. |
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| 275 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 276 | | 0x128 | 4 | | busnum |
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| 277 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 278 | | 0x12C | 4 | | devnum |
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| 279 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 280 | | 0x130 | 4 | | speed |
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| 281 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 282 | | 0x134 | 2 | | idVendor |
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| 283 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 284 | | 0x136 | 2 | | idProduct |
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| 285 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 286 | | 0x138 | 2 | | bcdDevice |
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| 287 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 288 | | 0x13A | 1 | | bDeviceClass |
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| 289 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 290 | | 0x13B | 1 | | bDeviceSubClass |
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| 291 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 292 | | 0x13C | 1 | | bDeviceProtocol |
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| 293 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 294 | | 0x13D | 1 | | bConfigurationValue |
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| 295 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 296 | | 0x13E | 1 | | bNumConfigurations |
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| 297 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 298 | | 0x13F | 1 | | bNumInterfaces |
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| 299 | +-----------+--------+------------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 300 |
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| 301 | The following four commands have a common basic header called
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| 302 | 'usbip_header_basic', and their headers, called 'usbip_header' (before
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| 303 | transfer_buffer payload), have the same length, therefore paddings are needed.
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| 304 |
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| 305 | usbip_header_basic:
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| 306 |
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| 307 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 308 | | Offset | Length | Description |
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| 309 | +===========+========+===================================================+
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| 310 | | 0 | 4 | command |
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| 311 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 312 | | 4 | 4 | seqnum: sequential number that identifies requests|
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| 313 | | | | and corresponding responses; |
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| 314 | | | | incremented per connection |
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| 315 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 316 | | 8 | 4 | devid: specifies a remote USB device uniquely |
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| 317 | | | | instead of busnum and devnum; |
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| 318 | | | | for client (request), this value is |
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| 319 | | | | ((busnum << 16) | devnum); |
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| 320 | | | | for server (response), this shall be set to 0 |
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| 321 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 322 | | 0xC | 4 | direction: |
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| 323 | | | | |
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| 324 | | | | - 0: USBIP_DIR_OUT |
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| 325 | | | | - 1: USBIP_DIR_IN |
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| 326 | | | | |
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| 327 | | | | only used by client, for server this shall be 0 |
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| 328 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 329 | | 0x10 | 4 | ep: endpoint number |
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| 330 | | | | only used by client, for server this shall be 0; |
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| 331 | | | | for UNLINK, this shall be 0 |
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| 332 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 333 |
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| 334 | USBIP_CMD_SUBMIT:
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| 335 | Submit an URB
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| 336 |
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| 337 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 338 | | Offset | Length | Description |
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| 339 | +===========+========+===================================================+
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| 340 | | 0 | 20 | usbip_header_basic, 'command' shall be 0x00000001 |
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| 341 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 342 | | 0x14 | 4 | transfer_flags: possible values depend on the |
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| 343 | | | | USBIP_URB transfer_flags. |
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| 344 | | | | Refer to include/uapi/linux/usbip.h and |
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| 345 | | | | Documentation/driver-api/usb/URB.rst. |
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| 346 | | | | Refer to usbip_pack_cmd_submit() and |
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| 347 | | | | tweak_transfer_flags() in drivers/usb/usbip/ |
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| 348 | | | | usbip_common.c. |
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| 349 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 350 | | 0x18 | 4 | transfer_buffer_length: |
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| 351 | | | | use URB transfer_buffer_length |
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| 352 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 353 | | 0x1C | 4 | start_frame: use URB start_frame; |
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| 354 | | | | initial frame for ISO transfer; |
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| 355 | | | | shall be set to 0 if not ISO transfer |
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| 356 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 357 | | 0x20 | 4 | number_of_packets: number of ISO packets; |
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| 358 | | | | shall be set to 0xffffffff if not ISO transfer |
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| 359 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 360 | | 0x24 | 4 | interval: maximum time for the request on the |
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| 361 | | | | server-side host controller |
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| 362 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 363 | | 0x28 | 8 | setup: data bytes for USB setup, filled with |
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| 364 | | | | zeros if not used. |
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| 365 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 366 | | 0x30 | n | transfer_buffer. |
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| 367 | | | | If direction is USBIP_DIR_OUT then n equals |
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| 368 | | | | transfer_buffer_length; otherwise n equals 0. |
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| 369 | | | | For ISO transfers the padding between each ISO |
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| 370 | | | | packets is not transmitted. |
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| 371 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 372 | | 0x30+n | m | iso_packet_descriptor |
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| 373 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 374 |
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| 375 | USBIP_RET_SUBMIT:
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| 376 | Reply for submitting an URB
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| 377 |
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| 378 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 379 | | Offset | Length | Description |
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| 380 | +===========+========+===================================================+
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| 381 | | 0 | 20 | usbip_header_basic, 'command' shall be 0x00000003 |
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| 382 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 383 | | 0x14 | 4 | status: zero for successful URB transaction, |
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| 384 | | | | otherwise some kind of error happened. |
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| 385 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 386 | | 0x18 | 4 | actual_length: number of URB data bytes; |
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| 387 | | | | use URB actual_length |
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| 388 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 389 | | 0x1C | 4 | start_frame: use URB start_frame; |
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| 390 | | | | initial frame for ISO transfer; |
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| 391 | | | | shall be set to 0 if not ISO transfer |
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| 392 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 393 | | 0x20 | 4 | number_of_packets: number of ISO packets; |
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| 394 | | | | shall be set to 0xffffffff if not ISO transfer |
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| 395 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 396 | | 0x24 | 4 | error_count |
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| 397 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 398 | | 0x28 | 8 | padding, shall be set to 0 |
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| 399 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 400 | | 0x30 | n | transfer_buffer. |
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| 401 | | | | If direction is USBIP_DIR_IN then n equals |
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| 402 | | | | actual_length; otherwise n equals 0. |
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| 403 | | | | For ISO transfers the padding between each ISO |
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| 404 | | | | packets is not transmitted. |
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| 405 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 406 | | 0x30+n | m | iso_packet_descriptor |
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| 407 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 408 |
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| 409 | USBIP_CMD_UNLINK:
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| 410 | Unlink an URB
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| 411 |
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| 412 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 413 | | Offset | Length | Description |
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| 414 | +===========+========+===================================================+
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| 415 | | 0 | 20 | usbip_header_basic, 'command' shall be 0x00000002 |
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| 416 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 417 | | 0x14 | 4 | unlink_seqnum, of the SUBMIT request to unlink |
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| 418 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 419 | | 0x18 | 24 | padding, shall be set to 0 |
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| 420 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 421 |
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| 422 | USBIP_RET_UNLINK:
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| 423 | Reply for URB unlink
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| 424 |
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| 425 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 426 | | Offset | Length | Description |
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| 427 | +===========+========+===================================================+
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| 428 | | 0 | 20 | usbip_header_basic, 'command' shall be 0x00000004 |
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| 429 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 430 | | 0x14 | 4 | status: This is similar to the status of |
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| 431 | | | | USBIP_RET_SUBMIT (share the same memory offset). |
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| 432 | | | | When UNLINK is successful, status is -ECONNRESET; |
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| 433 | | | | when USBIP_CMD_UNLINK is after USBIP_RET_SUBMIT |
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| 434 | | | | status is 0 |
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| 435 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 436 | | 0x18 | 24 | padding, shall be set to 0 |
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| 437 | +-----------+--------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| 438 |
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| 439 | EXAMPLE
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| 440 | =======
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| 441 |
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| 442 | The following data is captured from wire with Human Interface Devices (HID)
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| 443 | payload
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| 444 |
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| 445 | ::
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| 446 |
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| 447 | CmdIntrIN: 00000001 00000d05 0001000f 00000001 00000001 00000200 00000040 ffffffff 00000000 00000004 00000000 00000000
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| 448 | CmdIntrOUT: 00000001 00000d06 0001000f 00000000 00000001 00000000 00000040 ffffffff 00000000 00000004 00000000 00000000
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| 449 | ffffffff860008a784ce5ae212376300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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| 450 | RetIntrOut: 00000003 00000d06 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000040 ffffffff 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
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| 451 | RetIntrIn: 00000003 00000d05 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000040 ffffffff 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
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| 452 | ffffffff860011a784ce5ae2123763612891b1020100000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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