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1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2/*
3 * mm/mprotect.c
4 *
5 * (C) Copyright 1994 Linus Torvalds
6 * (C) Copyright 2002 Christoph Hellwig
7 *
8 * Address space accounting code <[email protected]>
9 * (C) Copyright 2002 Red Hat Inc, All Rights Reserved
10 */
11
12#include <linux/pagewalk.h>
13#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
14#include <linux/shm.h>
15#include <linux/mman.h>
16#include <linux/fs.h>
17#include <linux/highmem.h>
18#include <linux/security.h>
19#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
20#include <linux/personality.h>
21#include <linux/syscalls.h>
22#include <linux/swap.h>
23#include <linux/swapops.h>
24#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
25#include <linux/migrate.h>
26#include <linux/perf_event.h>
27#include <linux/pkeys.h>
28#include <linux/ksm.h>
29#include <linux/uaccess.h>
30#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
31#include <linux/pgtable.h>
32#include <linux/userfaultfd_k.h>
33#include <uapi/linux/mman.h>
34#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
35#include <asm/mmu_context.h>
36#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
37#include <asm/tlb.h>
38
39#include "internal.h"
40
41static bool maybe_change_pte_writable(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pte_t pte)
42{
43 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!vma_test(vma, VMA_WRITE_BIT)))
44 return false;
45
46 /* Don't touch entries that are not even readable. */
47 if (pte_protnone(pte))
48 return false;
49
50 /* Do we need write faults for softdirty tracking? */
51 if (pte_needs_soft_dirty_wp(vma, pte))
52 return false;
53
54 /* Do we need write faults for uffd-wp tracking? */
55 if (userfaultfd_pte_wp(vma, pte))
56 return false;
57
58 return true;
59}
60
61static bool can_change_private_pte_writable(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
62 unsigned long addr, pte_t pte)
63{
64 struct page *page;
65
66 if (!maybe_change_pte_writable(vma, pte))
67 return false;
68
69 /*
70 * Writable MAP_PRIVATE mapping: We can only special-case on
71 * exclusive anonymous pages, because we know that our
72 * write-fault handler similarly would map them writable without
73 * any additional checks while holding the PT lock.
74 */
75 page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, pte);
76 return page && PageAnon(page) && PageAnonExclusive(page);
77}
78
79static bool can_change_shared_pte_writable(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
80 pte_t pte)
81{
82 if (!maybe_change_pte_writable(vma, pte))
83 return false;
84
85 VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(pte)) && pte_dirty(pte));
86
87 /*
88 * Writable MAP_SHARED mapping: "clean" might indicate that the FS still
89 * needs a real write-fault for writenotify
90 * (see vma_wants_writenotify()). If "dirty", the assumption is that the
91 * FS was already notified and we can simply mark the PTE writable
92 * just like the write-fault handler would do.
93 */
94 return pte_dirty(pte);
95}
96
97bool can_change_pte_writable(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
98 pte_t pte)
99{
100 if (!vma_test(vma, VMA_SHARED_BIT))
101 return can_change_private_pte_writable(vma, addr, pte);
102
103 return can_change_shared_pte_writable(vma, pte);
104}
105
106static int mprotect_folio_pte_batch(struct folio *folio, pte_t *ptep,
107 pte_t pte, int max_nr_ptes, fpb_t flags)
108{
109 /* No underlying folio, so cannot batch */
110 if (!folio)
111 return 1;
112
113 if (!folio_test_large(folio))
114 return 1;
115
116 return folio_pte_batch_flags(folio, NULL, ptep, &pte, max_nr_ptes, flags);
117}
118
119/* Set nr_ptes number of ptes, starting from idx */
120static __always_inline void prot_commit_flush_ptes(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
121 unsigned long addr, pte_t *ptep, pte_t oldpte, pte_t ptent,
122 int nr_ptes, int idx, bool set_write, struct mmu_gather *tlb)
123{
124 /*
125 * Advance the position in the batch by idx; note that if idx > 0,
126 * then the nr_ptes passed here is <= batch size - idx.
127 */
128 addr += idx * PAGE_SIZE;
129 ptep += idx;
130 oldpte = pte_advance_pfn(oldpte, idx);
131 ptent = pte_advance_pfn(ptent, idx);
132
133 if (set_write)
134 ptent = pte_mkwrite(ptent, vma);
135
136 modify_prot_commit_ptes(vma, addr, ptep, oldpte, ptent, nr_ptes);
137 if (pte_needs_flush(oldpte, ptent))
138 tlb_flush_pte_range(tlb, addr, nr_ptes * PAGE_SIZE);
139}
140
141/*
142 * Get max length of consecutive ptes pointing to PageAnonExclusive() pages or
143 * !PageAnonExclusive() pages, starting from start_idx. Caller must enforce
144 * that the ptes point to consecutive pages of the same anon large folio.
145 */
146static __always_inline int page_anon_exclusive_batch(int start_idx, int max_len,
147 struct page *first_page, bool expected_anon_exclusive)
148{
149 int idx;
150
151 for (idx = start_idx + 1; idx < start_idx + max_len; ++idx) {
152 if (expected_anon_exclusive != PageAnonExclusive(first_page + idx))
153 break;
154 }
155 return idx - start_idx;
156}
157
158/*
159 * This function is a result of trying our very best to retain the
160 * "avoid the write-fault handler" optimization. In can_change_pte_writable(),
161 * if the vma is a private vma, and we cannot determine whether to change
162 * the pte to writable just from the vma and the pte, we then need to look
163 * at the actual page pointed to by the pte. Unfortunately, if we have a
164 * batch of ptes pointing to consecutive pages of the same anon large folio,
165 * the anon-exclusivity (or the negation) of the first page does not guarantee
166 * the anon-exclusivity (or the negation) of the other pages corresponding to
167 * the pte batch; hence in this case it is incorrect to decide to change or
168 * not change the ptes to writable just by using information from the first
169 * pte of the batch. Therefore, we must individually check all pages and
170 * retrieve sub-batches.
171 */
172static __always_inline void commit_anon_folio_batch(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
173 struct folio *folio, struct page *first_page, unsigned long addr, pte_t *ptep,
174 pte_t oldpte, pte_t ptent, int nr_ptes, struct mmu_gather *tlb)
175{
176 bool expected_anon_exclusive;
177 int batch_idx = 0;
178 int len;
179
180 while (nr_ptes) {
181 expected_anon_exclusive = PageAnonExclusive(first_page + batch_idx);
182 len = page_anon_exclusive_batch(batch_idx, nr_ptes,
183 first_page, expected_anon_exclusive);
184 prot_commit_flush_ptes(vma, addr, ptep, oldpte, ptent, len,
185 batch_idx, expected_anon_exclusive, tlb);
186 batch_idx += len;
187 nr_ptes -= len;
188 }
189}
190
191static __always_inline void set_write_prot_commit_flush_ptes(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
192 struct folio *folio, struct page *page, unsigned long addr, pte_t *ptep,
193 pte_t oldpte, pte_t ptent, int nr_ptes, struct mmu_gather *tlb)
194{
195 bool set_write;
196
197 if (vma_test(vma, VMA_SHARED_BIT)) {
198 set_write = can_change_shared_pte_writable(vma, ptent);
199 prot_commit_flush_ptes(vma, addr, ptep, oldpte, ptent, nr_ptes,
200 /* idx = */ 0, set_write, tlb);
201 return;
202 }
203
204 set_write = maybe_change_pte_writable(vma, ptent) &&
205 (folio && folio_test_anon(folio));
206 if (!set_write) {
207 prot_commit_flush_ptes(vma, addr, ptep, oldpte, ptent, nr_ptes,
208 /* idx = */ 0, set_write, tlb);
209 return;
210 }
211 commit_anon_folio_batch(vma, folio, page, addr, ptep, oldpte, ptent, nr_ptes, tlb);
212}
213
214static long change_softleaf_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
215 unsigned long addr, pte_t *pte, pte_t oldpte, unsigned long cp_flags)
216{
217 const bool uffd_prot = cp_flags & (MM_CP_UFFD_WP | MM_CP_UFFD_RWP);
218 const bool uffd_prot_resolve = cp_flags &
219 (MM_CP_UFFD_WP_RESOLVE | MM_CP_UFFD_RWP_RESOLVE);
220 softleaf_t entry = softleaf_from_pte(oldpte);
221 pte_t newpte;
222
223 if (softleaf_is_migration_write(entry)) {
224 const struct folio *folio = softleaf_to_folio(entry);
225
226 /*
227 * A protection check is difficult so
228 * just be safe and disable write
229 */
230 if (folio_test_anon(folio))
231 entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(swp_offset(entry));
232 else
233 entry = make_readable_migration_entry(swp_offset(entry));
234 newpte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
235 if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(oldpte))
236 newpte = pte_swp_mksoft_dirty(newpte);
237 } else if (softleaf_is_device_private_write(entry)) {
238 /*
239 * We do not preserve soft-dirtiness. See
240 * copy_nonpresent_pte() for explanation.
241 */
242 entry = make_readable_device_private_entry(swp_offset(entry));
243 newpte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
244 if (pte_swp_uffd(oldpte))
245 newpte = pte_swp_mkuffd(newpte);
246 } else if (softleaf_is_marker(entry)) {
247 /*
248 * Ignore error swap entries unconditionally,
249 * because any access should sigbus/sigsegv
250 * anyway.
251 */
252 if (softleaf_is_poison_marker(entry) ||
253 softleaf_is_guard_marker(entry))
254 return 0;
255 /*
256 * If this is uffd-wp pte marker and we'd like
257 * to unprotect it, drop it; the next page
258 * fault will trigger without uffd trapping.
259 */
260 if (uffd_prot_resolve) {
261 pte_clear(vma->vm_mm, addr, pte);
262 return 1;
263 }
264 return 0;
265 } else {
266 newpte = oldpte;
267 }
268
269 if (uffd_prot)
270 newpte = pte_swp_mkuffd(newpte);
271 else if (uffd_prot_resolve)
272 newpte = pte_swp_clear_uffd(newpte);
273
274 if (!pte_same(oldpte, newpte)) {
275 set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, addr, pte, newpte);
276 return 1;
277 }
278 return 0;
279}
280
281static __always_inline void change_present_ptes(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
282 struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, pte_t *ptep,
283 int nr_ptes, unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot,
284 struct folio *folio, struct page *page, unsigned long cp_flags)
285{
286 const bool uffd_prot = cp_flags & (MM_CP_UFFD_WP | MM_CP_UFFD_RWP);
287 const bool uffd_prot_resolve = cp_flags &
288 (MM_CP_UFFD_WP_RESOLVE | MM_CP_UFFD_RWP_RESOLVE);
289 pte_t ptent, oldpte;
290
291 oldpte = modify_prot_start_ptes(vma, addr, ptep, nr_ptes);
292 ptent = pte_modify(oldpte, newprot);
293
294 if (uffd_prot)
295 ptent = pte_mkuffd(ptent);
296 else if (uffd_prot_resolve)
297 ptent = pte_clear_uffd(ptent);
298
299 /*
300 * The uffd bit on a VM_UFFD_RWP VMA carries PROT_NONE
301 * semantics. If mprotect() or NUMA hinting changed the
302 * base protection, restore PAGE_NONE so the PTE still
303 * traps on any access. pte_modify() preserves
304 * _PAGE_UFFD.
305 */
306 if (userfaultfd_rwp(vma) && pte_uffd(ptent))
307 ptent = pte_modify(ptent, PAGE_NONE);
308
309 /*
310 * In some writable, shared mappings, we might want
311 * to catch actual write access -- see
312 * vma_wants_writenotify().
313 *
314 * In all writable, private mappings, we have to
315 * properly handle COW.
316 *
317 * In both cases, we can sometimes still change PTEs
318 * writable and avoid the write-fault handler, for
319 * example, if a PTE is already dirty and no other
320 * COW or special handling is required.
321 */
322 if ((cp_flags & MM_CP_TRY_CHANGE_WRITABLE) &&
323 !pte_write(ptent))
324 set_write_prot_commit_flush_ptes(vma, folio, page,
325 addr, ptep, oldpte, ptent, nr_ptes, tlb);
326 else
327 prot_commit_flush_ptes(vma, addr, ptep, oldpte, ptent,
328 nr_ptes, /* idx = */ 0, /* set_write = */ false, tlb);
329}
330
331static long change_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
332 struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
333 unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
334{
335 pte_t *pte, oldpte;
336 spinlock_t *ptl;
337 long pages = 0;
338 bool is_private_single_threaded;
339 bool prot_numa = cp_flags & MM_CP_PROT_NUMA;
340 bool uffd_rwp = cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_RWP;
341 bool uffd_wp = cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP;
342 int nr_ptes;
343
344 tlb_change_page_size(tlb, PAGE_SIZE);
345 pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
346 if (!pte)
347 return -EAGAIN;
348
349 if (prot_numa)
350 is_private_single_threaded = vma_is_single_threaded_private(vma);
351
352 flush_tlb_batched_pending(vma->vm_mm);
353 lazy_mmu_mode_enable();
354 do {
355 nr_ptes = 1;
356 oldpte = ptep_get(pte);
357 if (pte_present(oldpte)) {
358 const fpb_t flags = FPB_RESPECT_SOFT_DIRTY | FPB_RESPECT_WRITE;
359 int max_nr_ptes = (end - addr) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
360 struct folio *folio = NULL;
361 struct page *page;
362
363 /* Already in the desired state. */
364 if (prot_numa && pte_protnone(oldpte))
365 continue;
366 /*
367 * RWP-protected PTEs carry _PAGE_UFFD as a marker on
368 * top of PROT_NONE. Skip only entries already in that
369 * exact state; plain PROT_NONE from mprotect() still needs
370 * to be promoted so future faults can be distinguished.
371 */
372 if (uffd_rwp && pte_protnone(oldpte) && pte_uffd(oldpte))
373 continue;
374
375 page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, oldpte);
376 if (page)
377 folio = page_folio(page);
378
379 /*
380 * Avoid trapping faults against the zero or KSM
381 * pages. See similar comment in change_huge_pmd.
382 * Skip this filter for uffd RWP which
383 * must set protnone regardless of NUMA placement.
384 */
385 if (prot_numa &&
386 !folio_can_map_prot_numa(folio, vma,
387 is_private_single_threaded)) {
388
389 /* determine batch to skip */
390 nr_ptes = mprotect_folio_pte_batch(folio,
391 pte, oldpte, max_nr_ptes, /* flags = */ 0);
392 continue;
393 }
394
395 nr_ptes = mprotect_folio_pte_batch(folio, pte, oldpte, max_nr_ptes, flags);
396
397 /*
398 * Optimize for the small-folio common case by
399 * special-casing it here. Compiler constant propagation
400 * plus copious amounts of __always_inline does wonders.
401 */
402 if (likely(nr_ptes == 1)) {
403 change_present_ptes(tlb, vma, addr, pte, 1,
404 end, newprot, folio, page, cp_flags);
405 } else {
406 change_present_ptes(tlb, vma, addr, pte,
407 nr_ptes, end, newprot, folio, page,
408 cp_flags);
409 }
410
411 pages += nr_ptes;
412 } else if (pte_none(oldpte)) {
413 /*
414 * Nobody plays with any none ptes besides
415 * userfaultfd when applying the protections.
416 */
417 if (likely(!uffd_wp))
418 continue;
419
420 if (userfaultfd_wp_use_markers(vma)) {
421 /*
422 * For file-backed mem, we need to be able to
423 * wr-protect a none pte, because even if the
424 * pte is none, the page/swap cache could
425 * exist. Doing that by install a marker.
426 */
427 set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, addr, pte,
428 make_pte_marker(PTE_MARKER_UFFD_WP));
429 pages++;
430 }
431 } else {
432 pages += change_softleaf_pte(vma, addr, pte, oldpte, cp_flags);
433 }
434 } while (pte += nr_ptes, addr += nr_ptes * PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
435 lazy_mmu_mode_disable();
436 pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl);
437
438 return pages;
439}
440
441/*
442 * Return true if we want to split THPs into PTE mappings in change
443 * protection procedure, false otherwise.
444 */
445static inline bool
446pgtable_split_needed(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long cp_flags)
447{
448 /*
449 * pte markers only resides in pte level, if we need pte markers,
450 * we need to split. For example, we cannot wr-protect a file thp
451 * (e.g. 2M shmem) because file thp is handled differently when
452 * split by erasing the pmd so far.
453 */
454 return (cp_flags & (MM_CP_UFFD_WP | MM_CP_UFFD_RWP)) && !vma_is_anonymous(vma);
455}
456
457/*
458 * Return true if we want to populate pgtables in change protection
459 * procedure, false otherwise
460 */
461static inline bool
462pgtable_populate_needed(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long cp_flags)
463{
464 /* If not within ioctl(UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT), then don't bother */
465 if (!(cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP))
466 return false;
467
468 /* Populate if the userfaultfd mode requires pte markers */
469 return userfaultfd_wp_use_markers(vma);
470}
471
472/*
473 * Populate the pgtable underneath for whatever reason if requested.
474 * When {pte|pmd|...}_alloc() failed we treat it the same way as pgtable
475 * allocation failures during page faults by kicking OOM and returning
476 * error.
477 */
478#define change_pmd_prepare(vma, pmd, cp_flags) \
479 ({ \
480 long err = 0; \
481 if (unlikely(pgtable_populate_needed(vma, cp_flags))) { \
482 if (pte_alloc(vma->vm_mm, pmd)) \
483 err = -ENOMEM; \
484 } \
485 err; \
486 })
487
488/*
489 * This is the general pud/p4d/pgd version of change_pmd_prepare(). We need to
490 * have separate change_pmd_prepare() because pte_alloc() returns 0 on success,
491 * while {pmd|pud|p4d}_alloc() returns the valid pointer on success.
492 */
493#define change_prepare(vma, high, low, addr, cp_flags) \
494 ({ \
495 long err = 0; \
496 if (unlikely(pgtable_populate_needed(vma, cp_flags))) { \
497 low##_t *p = low##_alloc(vma->vm_mm, high, addr); \
498 if (p == NULL) \
499 err = -ENOMEM; \
500 } \
501 err; \
502 })
503
504static inline long change_pmd_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
505 struct vm_area_struct *vma, pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr,
506 unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
507{
508 pmd_t *pmd;
509 unsigned long next;
510 long pages = 0;
511 unsigned long nr_huge_updates = 0;
512
513 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
514 do {
515 long ret;
516 pmd_t _pmd;
517again:
518 next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
519
520 ret = change_pmd_prepare(vma, pmd, cp_flags);
521 if (ret) {
522 pages = ret;
523 break;
524 }
525
526 if (pmd_none(*pmd))
527 goto next;
528
529 _pmd = pmdp_get_lockless(pmd);
530 if (pmd_is_huge(_pmd)) {
531 if ((next - addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) ||
532 pgtable_split_needed(vma, cp_flags)) {
533 __split_huge_pmd(vma, pmd, addr, false);
534 /*
535 * For file-backed, the pmd could have been
536 * cleared; make sure pmd populated if
537 * necessary, then fall-through to pte level.
538 */
539 ret = change_pmd_prepare(vma, pmd, cp_flags);
540 if (ret) {
541 pages = ret;
542 break;
543 }
544 } else {
545 ret = change_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd,
546 addr, newprot, cp_flags);
547 if (ret) {
548 if (ret == HPAGE_PMD_NR) {
549 pages += HPAGE_PMD_NR;
550 nr_huge_updates++;
551 }
552
553 /* huge pmd was handled */
554 goto next;
555 }
556 }
557 /* fall through, the trans huge pmd just split */
558 }
559
560 ret = change_pte_range(tlb, vma, pmd, addr, next, newprot,
561 cp_flags);
562 if (ret < 0)
563 goto again;
564 pages += ret;
565next:
566 cond_resched();
567 } while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
568
569 if (nr_huge_updates)
570 count_vm_numa_events(NUMA_HUGE_PTE_UPDATES, nr_huge_updates);
571 return pages;
572}
573
574static inline long change_pud_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
575 struct vm_area_struct *vma, p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr,
576 unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
577{
578 struct mmu_notifier_range range;
579 pud_t *pudp, pud;
580 unsigned long next;
581 long pages = 0, ret;
582
583 range.start = 0;
584
585 pudp = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
586 do {
587again:
588 next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
589 ret = change_prepare(vma, pudp, pmd, addr, cp_flags);
590 if (ret) {
591 pages = ret;
592 break;
593 }
594
595 pud = pudp_get(pudp);
596 if (pud_none(pud))
597 continue;
598
599 if (!range.start) {
600 mmu_notifier_range_init(&range,
601 MMU_NOTIFY_PROTECTION_VMA, 0,
602 vma->vm_mm, addr, end);
603 mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
604 }
605
606 if (pud_leaf(pud)) {
607 if ((next - addr != PUD_SIZE) ||
608 pgtable_split_needed(vma, cp_flags)) {
609 __split_huge_pud(vma, pudp, addr);
610 goto again;
611 } else {
612 ret = change_huge_pud(tlb, vma, pudp,
613 addr, newprot, cp_flags);
614 if (ret == 0)
615 goto again;
616 /* huge pud was handled */
617 if (ret == HPAGE_PUD_NR)
618 pages += HPAGE_PUD_NR;
619 continue;
620 }
621 }
622
623 pages += change_pmd_range(tlb, vma, pudp, addr, next, newprot,
624 cp_flags);
625 } while (pudp++, addr = next, addr != end);
626
627 if (range.start)
628 mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
629
630 return pages;
631}
632
633static inline long change_p4d_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
634 struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
635 unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
636{
637 p4d_t *p4d;
638 unsigned long next;
639 long pages = 0, ret;
640
641 p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
642 do {
643 next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
644 ret = change_prepare(vma, p4d, pud, addr, cp_flags);
645 if (ret)
646 return ret;
647 if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d))
648 continue;
649 pages += change_pud_range(tlb, vma, p4d, addr, next, newprot,
650 cp_flags);
651 } while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
652
653 return pages;
654}
655
656static long change_protection_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
657 struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
658 unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
659{
660 struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
661 pgd_t *pgd;
662 unsigned long next;
663 long pages = 0, ret;
664
665 BUG_ON(addr >= end);
666 pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
667 tlb_start_vma(tlb, vma);
668 do {
669 next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
670 ret = change_prepare(vma, pgd, p4d, addr, cp_flags);
671 if (ret) {
672 pages = ret;
673 break;
674 }
675 if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd))
676 continue;
677 pages += change_p4d_range(tlb, vma, pgd, addr, next, newprot,
678 cp_flags);
679 } while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
680
681 tlb_end_vma(tlb, vma);
682
683 return pages;
684}
685
686long change_protection(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
687 struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
688 unsigned long end, unsigned long cp_flags)
689{
690 pgprot_t newprot = vma->vm_page_prot;
691 long pages;
692
693 /*
694 * MM_CP_UFFD_{WP,RWP} and _RESOLVE are mutually exclusive within one
695 * change, and WP and RWP cannot mix. Miswired callers get a warn and
696 * a no-op; userspace cannot reach this state.
697 */
698 if (WARN_ON_ONCE((cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP_ALL) == MM_CP_UFFD_WP_ALL ||
699 (cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_RWP_ALL) == MM_CP_UFFD_RWP_ALL ||
700 ((cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP_ALL) &&
701 (cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_RWP_ALL))))
702 return 0;
703
704#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
705 /*
706 * Ordinary protection updates (mprotect, uffd-wp, softdirty tracking)
707 * are expected to reflect their requirements via VMA flags such that
708 * vma_set_page_prot() will adjust vma->vm_page_prot accordingly.
709 */
710 if (cp_flags & MM_CP_PROT_NUMA)
711 newprot = PAGE_NONE;
712#else
713 WARN_ON_ONCE(cp_flags & MM_CP_PROT_NUMA);
714#endif
715
716 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_PROTNONE) &&
717 (cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_RWP))
718 newprot = PAGE_NONE;
719
720 if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
721 pages = hugetlb_change_protection(vma, start, end, newprot,
722 cp_flags);
723 else
724 pages = change_protection_range(tlb, vma, start, end, newprot,
725 cp_flags);
726
727 return pages;
728}
729
730static int prot_none_pte_entry(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr,
731 unsigned long next, struct mm_walk *walk)
732{
733 return pfn_modify_allowed(pte_pfn(ptep_get(pte)),
734 *(pgprot_t *)(walk->private)) ?
735 0 : -EACCES;
736}
737
738#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
739static int prot_none_hugetlb_entry(pte_t *pte, unsigned long hmask,
740 unsigned long addr, unsigned long next,
741 struct mm_walk *walk)
742{
743 const pte_t entry = huge_ptep_get(walk->mm, addr, pte);
744
745 if (pfn_modify_allowed(pte_pfn(entry), *(pgprot_t *)(walk->private)))
746 return 0;
747 return -EACCES;
748}
749#else
750#define prot_none_hugetlb_entry NULL
751#endif
752
753static const struct mm_walk_ops prot_none_walk_ops = {
754 .pte_entry = prot_none_pte_entry,
755 .hugetlb_entry = prot_none_hugetlb_entry,
756 .walk_lock = PGWALK_WRLOCK,
757};
758
759int
760mprotect_fixup(struct vma_iterator *vmi, struct mmu_gather *tlb,
761 struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_area_struct **pprev,
762 unsigned long start, unsigned long end, vm_flags_t newflags)
763{
764 struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
765 const vma_flags_t old_vma_flags = READ_ONCE(vma->flags);
766 vma_flags_t new_vma_flags = legacy_to_vma_flags(newflags);
767 long nrpages = (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
768 unsigned int mm_cp_flags = 0;
769 unsigned long charged = 0;
770 int error;
771
772 if (vma_is_sealed(vma))
773 return -EPERM;
774
775 if (vma_flags_same_pair(&old_vma_flags, &new_vma_flags)) {
776 *pprev = vma;
777 return 0;
778 }
779
780 /*
781 * Do PROT_NONE PFN permission checks here when we can still
782 * bail out without undoing a lot of state. This is a rather
783 * uncommon case, so doesn't need to be very optimized.
784 */
785 if (arch_has_pfn_modify_check() &&
786 vma_flags_test_any(&old_vma_flags, VMA_PFNMAP_BIT,
787 VMA_MIXEDMAP_BIT) &&
788 !vma_flags_test_any_mask(&new_vma_flags, VMA_ACCESS_FLAGS)) {
789 pgprot_t new_pgprot = vm_get_page_prot(newflags);
790
791 error = walk_page_range_vma(vma, start, end,
792 &prot_none_walk_ops, &new_pgprot);
793 if (error)
794 return error;
795 }
796
797 /*
798 * If we make a private mapping writable we increase our commit;
799 * but (without finer accounting) cannot reduce our commit if we
800 * make it unwritable again except in the anonymous case where no
801 * anon_vma has yet to be assigned.
802 *
803 * hugetlb mapping were accounted for even if read-only so there is
804 * no need to account for them here.
805 */
806 if (vma_flags_test(&new_vma_flags, VMA_WRITE_BIT)) {
807 /* Check space limits when area turns into data. */
808 if (!may_expand_vm(mm, &new_vma_flags, nrpages) &&
809 may_expand_vm(mm, &old_vma_flags, nrpages))
810 return -ENOMEM;
811 if (!vma_flags_test_any(&old_vma_flags,
812 VMA_ACCOUNT_BIT, VMA_WRITE_BIT, VMA_HUGETLB_BIT,
813 VMA_SHARED_BIT, VMA_NORESERVE_BIT)) {
814 charged = nrpages;
815 if (security_vm_enough_memory_mm(mm, charged))
816 return -ENOMEM;
817 vma_flags_set(&new_vma_flags, VMA_ACCOUNT_BIT);
818 }
819 } else if (vma_flags_test(&old_vma_flags, VMA_ACCOUNT_BIT) &&
820 vma_is_anonymous(vma) && !vma->anon_vma) {
821 vma_flags_clear(&new_vma_flags, VMA_ACCOUNT_BIT);
822 }
823
824 vma = vma_modify_flags(vmi, *pprev, vma, start, end, &new_vma_flags);
825 if (IS_ERR(vma)) {
826 error = PTR_ERR(vma);
827 goto fail;
828 }
829
830 *pprev = vma;
831
832 /*
833 * vm_flags and vm_page_prot are protected by the mmap_lock
834 * held in write mode.
835 */
836 vma_start_write(vma);
837 vma_flags_reset_once(vma, &new_vma_flags);
838 if (vma_wants_manual_pte_write_upgrade(vma))
839 mm_cp_flags |= MM_CP_TRY_CHANGE_WRITABLE;
840 vma_set_page_prot(vma);
841
842 change_protection(tlb, vma, start, end, mm_cp_flags);
843
844 if (vma_flags_test(&old_vma_flags, VMA_ACCOUNT_BIT) &&
845 !vma_flags_test(&new_vma_flags, VMA_ACCOUNT_BIT))
846 vm_unacct_memory(nrpages);
847
848 /*
849 * Private VMA_LOCKED_BIT VMA becoming writable: trigger COW to avoid
850 * major fault on access.
851 */
852 if (vma_flags_test(&new_vma_flags, VMA_WRITE_BIT) &&
853 vma_flags_test(&old_vma_flags, VMA_LOCKED_BIT) &&
854 !vma_flags_test_any(&old_vma_flags, VMA_WRITE_BIT, VMA_SHARED_BIT))
855 populate_vma_page_range(vma, start, end, NULL);
856
857 vm_stat_account(mm, vma_flags_to_legacy(old_vma_flags), -nrpages);
858 newflags = vma_flags_to_legacy(new_vma_flags);
859 vm_stat_account(mm, newflags, nrpages);
860 perf_event_mmap(vma);
861 return 0;
862
863fail:
864 vm_unacct_memory(charged);
865 return error;
866}
867
868/*
869 * pkey==-1 when doing a legacy mprotect()
870 */
871static int do_mprotect_pkey(unsigned long start, size_t len,
872 unsigned long prot, int pkey)
873{
874 unsigned long nstart, end, tmp, reqprot;
875 struct vm_area_struct *vma, *prev;
876 int error;
877 const int grows = prot & (PROT_GROWSDOWN|PROT_GROWSUP);
878 const bool rier = (current->personality & READ_IMPLIES_EXEC) &&
879 (prot & PROT_READ);
880 struct mmu_gather tlb;
881 struct vma_iterator vmi;
882
883 start = untagged_addr(start);
884
885 prot &= ~(PROT_GROWSDOWN|PROT_GROWSUP);
886 if (grows == (PROT_GROWSDOWN|PROT_GROWSUP)) /* can't be both */
887 return -EINVAL;
888
889 if (start & ~PAGE_MASK)
890 return -EINVAL;
891 if (!len)
892 return 0;
893 len = PAGE_ALIGN(len);
894 end = start + len;
895 if (end <= start)
896 return -ENOMEM;
897 if (!arch_validate_prot(prot, start))
898 return -EINVAL;
899
900 reqprot = prot;
901
902 if (mmap_write_lock_killable(current->mm))
903 return -EINTR;
904
905 /*
906 * If userspace did not allocate the pkey, do not let
907 * them use it here.
908 */
909 error = -EINVAL;
910 if ((pkey != -1) && !mm_pkey_is_allocated(current->mm, pkey))
911 goto out;
912
913 vma_iter_init(&vmi, current->mm, start);
914 vma = vma_find(&vmi, end);
915 error = -ENOMEM;
916 if (!vma)
917 goto out;
918
919 if (unlikely(grows & PROT_GROWSDOWN)) {
920 if (vma->vm_start >= end)
921 goto out;
922 start = vma->vm_start;
923 error = -EINVAL;
924 if (!vma_test(vma, VMA_GROWSDOWN_BIT))
925 goto out;
926 } else {
927 if (vma->vm_start > start)
928 goto out;
929 if (unlikely(grows & PROT_GROWSUP)) {
930 end = vma->vm_end;
931 error = -EINVAL;
932 if (!vma_test_single_mask(vma, VMA_GROWSUP))
933 goto out;
934 }
935 }
936
937 prev = vma_prev(&vmi);
938 if (start > vma->vm_start)
939 prev = vma;
940
941 tlb_gather_mmu(&tlb, current->mm);
942 nstart = start;
943 tmp = vma->vm_start;
944 for_each_vma_range(vmi, vma, end) {
945 vm_flags_t mask_off_old_flags;
946 vma_flags_t new_vma_flags;
947 vm_flags_t newflags;
948 int new_vma_pkey;
949
950 if (vma->vm_start != tmp) {
951 error = -ENOMEM;
952 break;
953 }
954
955 /* Does the application expect PROT_READ to imply PROT_EXEC */
956 if (rier && vma_test(vma, VMA_MAYEXEC_BIT))
957 prot |= PROT_EXEC;
958
959 /*
960 * Each mprotect() call explicitly passes r/w/x permissions.
961 * If a permission is not passed to mprotect(), it must be
962 * cleared from the VMA.
963 */
964 mask_off_old_flags = VM_ACCESS_FLAGS | VM_FLAGS_CLEAR;
965
966 new_vma_pkey = arch_override_mprotect_pkey(vma, prot, pkey);
967 newflags = calc_vm_prot_bits(prot, new_vma_pkey);
968 newflags |= (vma->vm_flags & ~mask_off_old_flags);
969 new_vma_flags = legacy_to_vma_flags(newflags);
970
971 /* newflags >> 4 shift VM_MAY% in place of VM_% */
972 if ((newflags & ~(newflags >> 4)) & VM_ACCESS_FLAGS) {
973 error = -EACCES;
974 break;
975 }
976
977 if (map_deny_write_exec(&vma->flags, &new_vma_flags)) {
978 error = -EACCES;
979 break;
980 }
981
982 /* Allow architectures to sanity-check the new flags */
983 if (!arch_validate_flags(newflags)) {
984 error = -EINVAL;
985 break;
986 }
987
988 error = security_file_mprotect(vma, reqprot, prot);
989 if (error)
990 break;
991
992 tmp = vma->vm_end;
993 if (tmp > end)
994 tmp = end;
995
996 if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->mprotect) {
997 error = vma->vm_ops->mprotect(vma, nstart, tmp, newflags);
998 if (error)
999 break;
1000 }
1001
1002 error = mprotect_fixup(&vmi, &tlb, vma, &prev, nstart, tmp, newflags);
1003 if (error)
1004 break;
1005
1006 tmp = vma_iter_end(&vmi);
1007 nstart = tmp;
1008 prot = reqprot;
1009 }
1010 tlb_finish_mmu(&tlb);
1011
1012 if (!error && tmp < end)
1013 error = -ENOMEM;
1014
1015out:
1016 mmap_write_unlock(current->mm);
1017 return error;
1018}
1019
1020SYSCALL_DEFINE3(mprotect, unsigned long, start, size_t, len,
1021 unsigned long, prot)
1022{
1023 return do_mprotect_pkey(start, len, prot, -1);
1024}
1025
1026#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PKEYS
1027
1028SYSCALL_DEFINE4(pkey_mprotect, unsigned long, start, size_t, len,
1029 unsigned long, prot, int, pkey)
1030{
1031 return do_mprotect_pkey(start, len, prot, pkey);
1032}
1033
1034SYSCALL_DEFINE2(pkey_alloc, unsigned long, flags, unsigned long, init_val)
1035{
1036 int pkey;
1037 int ret;
1038
1039 /* No flags supported yet. */
1040 if (flags)
1041 return -EINVAL;
1042 /* check for unsupported init values */
1043 if (init_val & ~PKEY_ACCESS_MASK)
1044 return -EINVAL;
1045
1046 mmap_write_lock(current->mm);
1047 pkey = mm_pkey_alloc(current->mm);
1048
1049 ret = -ENOSPC;
1050 if (pkey == -1)
1051 goto out;
1052
1053 ret = arch_set_user_pkey_access(pkey, init_val);
1054 if (ret) {
1055 mm_pkey_free(current->mm, pkey);
1056 goto out;
1057 }
1058 ret = pkey;
1059out:
1060 mmap_write_unlock(current->mm);
1061 return ret;
1062}
1063
1064SYSCALL_DEFINE1(pkey_free, int, pkey)
1065{
1066 int ret;
1067
1068 mmap_write_lock(current->mm);
1069 ret = mm_pkey_free(current->mm, pkey);
1070 mmap_write_unlock(current->mm);
1071
1072 /*
1073 * We could provide warnings or errors if any VMA still
1074 * has the pkey set here.
1075 */
1076 return ret;
1077}
1078
1079#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PKEYS */