diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 2258e90..87b9dd8 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ modules.order
 /linux
 /vmlinux
 /vmlinux.32
+/vmlinux.symvers
 /vmlinux-gdb.py
 /vmlinuz
 /System.map
diff --git a/Documentation/dontdiff b/Documentation/dontdiff
index 72fc2e9..ef9519c 100644
--- a/Documentation/dontdiff
+++ b/Documentation/dontdiff
@@ -251,6 +251,7 @@ vmlinux-*
 vmlinux.aout
 vmlinux.bin.all
 vmlinux.lds
+vmlinux.symvers
 vmlinuz
 voffset.h
 vsyscall.lds
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst b/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst
index b80257a..6515ebc 100644
--- a/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst
@@ -29,31 +29,37 @@ This document describes the Linux kernel Makefiles.
 	   --- 4.4 Controlling compiler options for host programs
 	   --- 4.5 When host programs are actually built
 
-	=== 5 Kbuild clean infrastructure
-
-	=== 6 Architecture Makefiles
-	   --- 6.1 Set variables to tweak the build to the architecture
-	   --- 6.2 Add prerequisites to archheaders:
-	   --- 6.3 Add prerequisites to archprepare:
-	   --- 6.4 List directories to visit when descending
-	   --- 6.5 Architecture-specific boot images
-	   --- 6.6 Building non-kbuild targets
-	   --- 6.7 Commands useful for building a boot image
-	   --- 6.8 Custom kbuild commands
-	   --- 6.9 Preprocessing linker scripts
-	   --- 6.10 Generic header files
-	   --- 6.11 Post-link pass
-
-	=== 7 Kbuild syntax for exported headers
-		--- 7.1 no-export-headers
-		--- 7.2 generic-y
-		--- 7.3 generated-y
-		--- 7.4 mandatory-y
-
-	=== 8 Kbuild Variables
-	=== 9 Makefile language
-	=== 10 Credits
-	=== 11 TODO
+	=== 5 Userspace Program support
+	   --- 5.1 Simple Userspace Program
+	   --- 5.2 Composite Userspace Programs
+	   --- 5.3 Controlling compiler options for userspace programs
+	   --- 5.4 When userspace programs are actually built
+
+	=== 6 Kbuild clean infrastructure
+
+	=== 7 Architecture Makefiles
+	   --- 7.1 Set variables to tweak the build to the architecture
+	   --- 7.2 Add prerequisites to archheaders:
+	   --- 7.3 Add prerequisites to archprepare:
+	   --- 7.4 List directories to visit when descending
+	   --- 7.5 Architecture-specific boot images
+	   --- 7.6 Building non-kbuild targets
+	   --- 7.7 Commands useful for building a boot image
+	   --- 7.8 Custom kbuild commands
+	   --- 7.9 Preprocessing linker scripts
+	   --- 7.10 Generic header files
+	   --- 7.11 Post-link pass
+
+	=== 8 Kbuild syntax for exported headers
+		--- 8.1 no-export-headers
+		--- 8.2 generic-y
+		--- 8.3 generated-y
+		--- 8.4 mandatory-y
+
+	=== 9 Kbuild Variables
+	=== 10 Makefile language
+	=== 11 Credits
+	=== 12 TODO
 
 1 Overview
 ==========
@@ -732,7 +738,88 @@ Both possibilities are described in the following.
 	This will tell kbuild to build lxdialog even if not referenced in
 	any rule.
 
-5 Kbuild clean infrastructure
+5 Userspace Program support
+===========================
+
+Just like host programs, Kbuild also supports building userspace executables
+for the target architecture (i.e. the same architecture as you are building
+the kernel for).
+
+The syntax is quite similar. The difference is to use "userprogs" instead of
+"hostprogs".
+
+5.1 Simple Userspace Program
+----------------------------
+
+	The following line tells kbuild that the program bpf-direct shall be
+	built for the target architecture.
+
+	Example::
+
+		userprogs := bpf-direct
+
+	Kbuild assumes in the above example that bpf-direct is made from a
+	single C source file named bpf-direct.c located in the same directory
+	as the Makefile.
+
+5.2 Composite Userspace Programs
+--------------------------------
+
+	Userspace programs can be made up based on composite objects.
+	The syntax used to define composite objects for userspace programs is
+	similar to the syntax used for kernel objects.
+	$(<executable>-objs) lists all objects used to link the final
+	executable.
+
+	Example::
+
+		#samples/seccomp/Makefile
+		userprogs      := bpf-fancy
+		bpf-fancy-objs := bpf-fancy.o bpf-helper.o
+
+	Objects with extension .o are compiled from the corresponding .c
+	files. In the above example, bpf-fancy.c is compiled to bpf-fancy.o
+	and bpf-helper.c is compiled to bpf-helper.o.
+
+	Finally, the two .o files are linked to the executable, bpf-fancy.
+	Note: The syntax <executable>-y is not permitted for userspace programs.
+
+5.3 Controlling compiler options for userspace programs
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
+	When compiling userspace programs, it is possible to set specific flags.
+	The programs will always be compiled utilising $(CC) passed
+	the options specified in $(KBUILD_USERCFLAGS).
+	To set flags that will take effect for all userspace programs created
+	in that Makefile, use the variable userccflags.
+
+	Example::
+
+		# samples/seccomp/Makefile
+		userccflags += -I usr/include
+
+	To set specific flags for a single file the following construction
+	is used:
+
+	Example::
+
+		bpf-helper-userccflags += -I user/include
+
+	It is also possible to specify additional options to the linker.
+
+	Example::
+
+		# net/bpfilter/Makefile
+		bpfilter_umh-userldflags += -static
+
+	When linking bpfilter_umh, it will be passed the extra option -static.
+
+5.4 When userspace programs are actually built
+----------------------------------------------
+
+	Same as "When host programs are actually built".
+
+6 Kbuild clean infrastructure
 =============================
 
 "make clean" deletes most generated files in the obj tree where the kernel
@@ -790,7 +877,7 @@ is not operational at that point.
 Note 2: All directories listed in core-y, libs-y, drivers-y and net-y will
 be visited during "make clean".
 
-6 Architecture Makefiles
+7 Architecture Makefiles
 ========================
 
 The top level Makefile sets up the environment and does the preparation,
@@ -820,10 +907,10 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
    - Preparing initrd images and the like
 
 
-6.1 Set variables to tweak the build to the architecture
+7.1 Set variables to tweak the build to the architecture
 --------------------------------------------------------
 
-    LDFLAGS
+    KBUILD_LDFLAGS
 	Generic $(LD) options
 
 	Flags used for all invocations of the linker.
@@ -832,7 +919,7 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
 	Example::
 
 		#arch/s390/Makefile
-		LDFLAGS         := -m elf_s390
+		KBUILD_LDFLAGS         := -m elf_s390
 
 	Note: ldflags-y can be used to further customise
 	the flags used. See chapter 3.7.
@@ -967,7 +1054,7 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
 	KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS together specify all the object files used to
 	link vmlinux.
 
-6.2 Add prerequisites to archheaders
+7.2 Add prerequisites to archheaders
 ------------------------------------
 
 	The archheaders: rule is used to generate header files that
@@ -977,7 +1064,7 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
 	architecture itself.
 
 
-6.3 Add prerequisites to archprepare
+7.3 Add prerequisites to archprepare
 ------------------------------------
 
 	The archprepare: rule is used to list prerequisites that need to be
@@ -995,7 +1082,7 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
 	generating offset header files.
 
 
-6.4 List directories to visit when descending
+7.4 List directories to visit when descending
 ---------------------------------------------
 
 	An arch Makefile cooperates with the top Makefile to define variables
@@ -1030,7 +1117,7 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
 		drivers-$(CONFIG_OPROFILE)  += arch/sparc64/oprofile/
 
 
-6.5 Architecture-specific boot images
+7.5 Architecture-specific boot images
 -------------------------------------
 
 	An arch Makefile specifies goals that take the vmlinux file, compress
@@ -1085,7 +1172,7 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
 
 	When "make" is executed without arguments, bzImage will be built.
 
-6.6 Building non-kbuild targets
+7.6 Building non-kbuild targets
 -------------------------------
 
     extra-y
@@ -1108,7 +1195,7 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
 	In this example, extra-y is used to list object files that
 	shall be built, but shall not be linked as part of built-in.a.
 
-6.7 Commands useful for building a boot image
+7.7 Commands useful for building a boot image
 ---------------------------------------------
 
     Kbuild provides a few macros that are useful when building a
@@ -1211,7 +1298,7 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
 		targets += $(dtb-y)
 		DTC_FLAGS ?= -p 1024
 
-6.8 Custom kbuild commands
+7.8 Custom kbuild commands
 --------------------------
 
 	When kbuild is executing with KBUILD_VERBOSE=0, then only a shorthand
@@ -1241,7 +1328,7 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
 	will be displayed with "make KBUILD_VERBOSE=0".
 
 
-6.9 Preprocessing linker scripts
+7.9 Preprocessing linker scripts
 --------------------------------
 
 	When the vmlinux image is built, the linker script
@@ -1274,7 +1361,7 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
 	The kbuild infrastructure for `*lds` files is used in several
 	architecture-specific files.
 
-6.10 Generic header files
+7.10 Generic header files
 -------------------------
 
 	The directory include/asm-generic contains the header files
@@ -1283,7 +1370,7 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
 	to list the file in the Kbuild file.
 	See "7.2 generic-y" for further info on syntax etc.
 
-6.11 Post-link pass
+7.11 Post-link pass
 -------------------
 
 	If the file arch/xxx/Makefile.postlink exists, this makefile
@@ -1299,7 +1386,7 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
 	For example, powerpc uses this to check relocation sanity of
 	the linked vmlinux file.
 
-7 Kbuild syntax for exported headers
+8 Kbuild syntax for exported headers
 ------------------------------------
 
 The kernel includes a set of headers that is exported to userspace.
@@ -1319,14 +1406,14 @@ A Kbuild file may be defined under arch/<arch>/include/uapi/asm/ and
 arch/<arch>/include/asm/ to list asm files coming from asm-generic.
 See subsequent chapter for the syntax of the Kbuild file.
 
-7.1 no-export-headers
+8.1 no-export-headers
 ---------------------
 
 	no-export-headers is essentially used by include/uapi/linux/Kbuild to
 	avoid exporting specific headers (e.g. kvm.h) on architectures that do
 	not support it. It should be avoided as much as possible.
 
-7.2 generic-y
+8.2 generic-y
 -------------
 
 	If an architecture uses a verbatim copy of a header from
@@ -1356,7 +1443,7 @@ See subsequent chapter for the syntax of the Kbuild file.
 
 			#include <asm-generic/termios.h>
 
-7.3 generated-y
+8.3 generated-y
 ---------------
 
 	If an architecture generates other header files alongside generic-y
@@ -1370,7 +1457,7 @@ See subsequent chapter for the syntax of the Kbuild file.
 			#arch/x86/include/asm/Kbuild
 			generated-y += syscalls_32.h
 
-7.4 mandatory-y
+8.4 mandatory-y
 ---------------
 
 	mandatory-y is essentially used by include/(uapi/)asm-generic/Kbuild
@@ -1380,7 +1467,7 @@ See subsequent chapter for the syntax of the Kbuild file.
 	in arch/$(ARCH)/include/(uapi/)/asm, Kbuild will automatically generate
 	a wrapper of the asm-generic one.
 
-8 Kbuild Variables
+9 Kbuild Variables
 ==================
 
 The top Makefile exports the following variables:
@@ -1438,8 +1525,8 @@ The top Makefile exports the following variables:
 	command.
 
 
-9 Makefile language
-===================
+10 Makefile language
+====================
 
 The kernel Makefiles are designed to be run with GNU Make.  The Makefiles
 use only the documented features of GNU Make, but they do use many
@@ -1458,7 +1545,7 @@ time the left-hand side is used.
 There are some cases where "=" is appropriate.  Usually, though, ":="
 is the right choice.
 
-10 Credits
+11 Credits
 ==========
 
 - Original version made by Michael Elizabeth Chastain, <mailto:mec@shout.net>
@@ -1466,7 +1553,7 @@ is the right choice.
 - Updates by Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
 - Language QA by Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@gmx.de>
 
-11 TODO
+12 TODO
 =======
 
 - Describe how kbuild supports shipped files with _shipped.
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst b/Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst
index e0b45a2..a45cccf 100644
--- a/Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst
@@ -528,18 +528,6 @@ build.
 		will then do the expected and compile both modules with
 		full knowledge of symbols from either module.
 
-	Use an extra Module.symvers file
-		When an external module is built, a Module.symvers file
-		is generated containing all exported symbols which are
-		not defined in the kernel. To get access to symbols
-		from bar.ko, copy the Module.symvers file from the
-		compilation of bar.ko to the directory where foo.ko is
-		built. During the module build, kbuild will read the
-		Module.symvers file in the directory of the external
-		module, and when the build is finished, a new
-		Module.symvers file is created containing the sum of
-		all symbols defined and not part of the kernel.
-
 	Use "make" variable KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS
 		If it is impractical to add a top-level kbuild file,
 		you can assign a space separated list
diff --git a/Kconfig b/Kconfig
index e10b3ee..745bc77 100644
--- a/Kconfig
+++ b/Kconfig
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 #
 mainmenu "Linux/$(ARCH) $(KERNELVERSION) Kernel Configuration"
 
-comment "Compiler: $(CC_VERSION_TEXT)"
-
 source "scripts/Kconfig.include"
 
 source "init/Kconfig"
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index a7bc91c..839f9fe 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -11,9 +11,12 @@ NAME = Kleptomaniac Octopus
 # Comments in this file are targeted only to the developer, do not
 # expect to learn how to build the kernel reading this file.
 
+$(if $(filter __%, $(MAKECMDGOALS)), \
+	$(error targets prefixed with '__' are only for internal use))
+
 # That's our default target when none is given on the command line
-PHONY := _all
-_all:
+PHONY := __all
+__all:
 
 # We are using a recursive build, so we need to do a little thinking
 # to get the ordering right.
@@ -157,12 +160,14 @@ MAKEFLAGS += --include-dir=$(abs_srctree)
 need-sub-make := 1
 endif
 
+this-makefile := $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))
+
 ifneq ($(filter 3.%,$(MAKE_VERSION)),)
 # 'MAKEFLAGS += -rR' does not immediately become effective for GNU Make 3.x
 # We need to invoke sub-make to avoid implicit rules in the top Makefile.
 need-sub-make := 1
 # Cancel implicit rules for this Makefile.
-$(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)): ;
+$(this-makefile): ;
 endif
 
 export abs_srctree abs_objtree
@@ -170,13 +175,13 @@ export sub_make_done := 1
 
 ifeq ($(need-sub-make),1)
 
-PHONY += $(MAKECMDGOALS) sub-make
+PHONY += $(MAKECMDGOALS) __sub-make
 
-$(filter-out _all sub-make $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)), $(MAKECMDGOALS)) _all: sub-make
+$(filter-out $(this-makefile), $(MAKECMDGOALS)) __all: __sub-make
 	@:
 
 # Invoke a second make in the output directory, passing relevant variables
-sub-make:
+__sub-make:
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) -C $(abs_objtree) -f $(abs_srctree)/Makefile $(MAKECMDGOALS)
 
 endif # need-sub-make
@@ -213,6 +218,9 @@ ifeq ("$(origin M)", "command line")
   KBUILD_EXTMOD := $(M)
 endif
 
+$(if $(word 2, $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)), \
+	$(error building multiple external modules is not supported))
+
 export KBUILD_CHECKSRC KBUILD_EXTMOD
 
 extmod-prefix = $(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),$(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/)
@@ -321,7 +329,7 @@ ifdef mixed-build
 
 PHONY += $(MAKECMDGOALS) __build_one_by_one
 
-$(filter-out __build_one_by_one, $(MAKECMDGOALS)): __build_one_by_one
+$(MAKECMDGOALS): __build_one_by_one
 	@:
 
 __build_one_by_one:
@@ -406,9 +414,12 @@ else
 HOSTCC	= gcc
 HOSTCXX	= g++
 endif
-KBUILD_HOSTCFLAGS   := -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 \
-		-fomit-frame-pointer -std=gnu89 $(HOST_LFS_CFLAGS) \
-		$(HOSTCFLAGS)
+
+export KBUILD_USERCFLAGS := -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes \
+			      -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -std=gnu89
+export KBUILD_USERLDFLAGS :=
+
+KBUILD_HOSTCFLAGS   := $(KBUILD_USERCFLAGS) $(HOST_LFS_CFLAGS) $(HOSTCFLAGS)
 KBUILD_HOSTCXXFLAGS := -Wall -O2 $(HOST_LFS_CFLAGS) $(HOSTCXXFLAGS)
 KBUILD_HOSTLDFLAGS  := $(HOST_LFS_LDFLAGS) $(HOSTLDFLAGS)
 KBUILD_HOSTLDLIBS   := $(HOST_LFS_LIBS) $(HOSTLDLIBS)
@@ -447,6 +458,26 @@ PYTHON		= python
 PYTHON3		= python3
 CHECK		= sparse
 BASH		= bash
+GZIP		= gzip
+BZIP2		= bzip2
+LZOP		= lzop
+LZMA		= lzma
+LZ4		= lz4c
+XZ		= xz
+
+# GZIP, BZIP2, LZOP env vars are used by the tools. Support them as the command
+# line interface, but use _GZIP, _BZIP2, _LZOP internally.
+_GZIP          := $(GZIP)
+_BZIP2         := $(BZIP2)
+_LZOP          := $(LZOP)
+
+# Reset GZIP, BZIP2, LZOP in this Makefile
+override GZIP=
+override BZIP2=
+override LZOP=
+
+# Reset GZIP, BZIP2, LZOP in recursive invocations
+MAKEOVERRIDES += GZIP= BZIP2= LZOP=
 
 CHECKFLAGS     := -D__linux__ -Dlinux -D__STDC__ -Dunix -D__unix__ \
 		  -Wbitwise -Wno-return-void -Wno-unknown-attribute $(CF)
@@ -495,6 +526,7 @@ CLANG_FLAGS :=
 export ARCH SRCARCH CONFIG_SHELL BASH HOSTCC KBUILD_HOSTCFLAGS CROSS_COMPILE LD CC
 export CPP AR NM STRIP OBJCOPY OBJDUMP OBJSIZE READELF PAHOLE LEX YACC AWK INSTALLKERNEL
 export PERL PYTHON PYTHON3 CHECK CHECKFLAGS MAKE UTS_MACHINE HOSTCXX
+export _GZIP _BZIP2 _LZOP LZMA LZ4 XZ
 export KBUILD_HOSTCXXFLAGS KBUILD_HOSTLDFLAGS KBUILD_HOSTLDLIBS LDFLAGS_MODULE
 
 export KBUILD_CPPFLAGS NOSTDINC_FLAGS LINUXINCLUDE OBJCOPYFLAGS KBUILD_LDFLAGS
@@ -593,12 +625,12 @@ else #!config-build
 # targets and others. In general all targets except *config targets.
 
 # If building an external module we do not care about the all: rule
-# but instead _all depend on modules
+# but instead __all depend on modules
 PHONY += all
 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
-_all: all
+__all: all
 else
-_all: modules
+__all: modules
 endif
 
 # Decide whether to build built-in, modular, or both.
@@ -608,19 +640,15 @@ KBUILD_MODULES :=
 KBUILD_BUILTIN := 1
 
 # If we have only "make modules", don't compile built-in objects.
-# When we're building modules with modversions, we need to consider
-# the built-in objects during the descend as well, in order to
-# make sure the checksums are up to date before we record them.
-
 ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),modules)
-  KBUILD_BUILTIN := $(if $(CONFIG_MODVERSIONS),1)
+  KBUILD_BUILTIN :=
 endif
 
 # If we have "make <whatever> modules", compile modules
 # in addition to whatever we do anyway.
 # Just "make" or "make all" shall build modules as well
 
-ifneq ($(filter all _all modules nsdeps,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
+ifneq ($(filter all modules nsdeps,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
   KBUILD_MODULES := 1
 endif
 
@@ -636,13 +664,11 @@ endif
 
 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
 # Objects we will link into vmlinux / subdirs we need to visit
-init-y		:= init/
+core-y		:= init/ usr/
 drivers-y	:= drivers/ sound/
 drivers-$(CONFIG_SAMPLES) += samples/
-net-y		:= net/
+drivers-y	+= net/ virt/
 libs-y		:= lib/
-core-y		:= usr/
-virt-y		:= virt/
 endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD
 
 # The all: target is the default when no target is given on the
@@ -695,7 +721,7 @@ $(KCONFIG_CONFIG):
 # This exploits the 'multi-target pattern rule' trick.
 # The syncconfig should be executed only once to make all the targets.
 # (Note: use the grouped target '&:' when we bump to GNU Make 4.3)
-%/auto.conf %/auto.conf.cmd: $(KCONFIG_CONFIG)
+%/config/auto.conf %/config/auto.conf.cmd %/generated/autoconf.h: $(KCONFIG_CONFIG)
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile syncconfig
 else # !may-sync-config
 # External modules and some install targets need include/generated/autoconf.h
@@ -814,6 +840,12 @@ DEBUG_CFLAGS	+= $(call cc-option, -femit-struct-debug-baseonly) \
 		   $(call cc-option,-fno-var-tracking)
 endif
 
+ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_COMPRESSED
+DEBUG_CFLAGS	+= -gz=zlib
+KBUILD_AFLAGS	+= -Wa,--compress-debug-sections=zlib
+KBUILD_LDFLAGS	+= --compress-debug-sections=zlib
+endif
+
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(DEBUG_CFLAGS)
 export DEBUG_CFLAGS
 
@@ -950,6 +982,10 @@ ifeq ($(CONFIG_RELR),y)
 LDFLAGS_vmlinux	+= --pack-dyn-relocs=relr
 endif
 
+# Align the bit size of userspace programs with the kernel
+KBUILD_USERCFLAGS  += $(filter -m32 -m64, $(KBUILD_CFLAGS))
+KBUILD_USERLDFLAGS += $(filter -m32 -m64, $(KBUILD_CFLAGS))
+
 # make the checker run with the right architecture
 CHECKFLAGS += --arch=$(ARCH)
 
@@ -1011,10 +1047,10 @@ export mod_strip_cmd
 mod_compress_cmd = true
 ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS
   ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS_GZIP
-    mod_compress_cmd = gzip -n -f
+    mod_compress_cmd = $(_GZIP) -n -f
   endif # CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS_GZIP
   ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS_XZ
-    mod_compress_cmd = xz -f
+    mod_compress_cmd = $(XZ) -f
   endif # CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS_XZ
 endif # CONFIG_MODULE_COMPRESS
 export mod_compress_cmd
@@ -1049,34 +1085,33 @@ export MODULES_NSDEPS := $(extmod-prefix)modules.nsdeps
 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
 core-y		+= kernel/ certs/ mm/ fs/ ipc/ security/ crypto/ block/
 
-vmlinux-dirs	:= $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(init-y) $(init-m) \
+vmlinux-dirs	:= $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, \
 		     $(core-y) $(core-m) $(drivers-y) $(drivers-m) \
-		     $(net-y) $(net-m) $(libs-y) $(libs-m) $(virt-y)))
+		     $(libs-y) $(libs-m)))
 
 vmlinux-alldirs	:= $(sort $(vmlinux-dirs) Documentation \
-		     $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(init-) $(core-) \
-			$(drivers-) $(net-) $(libs-) $(virt-))))
+		     $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(core-) \
+			$(drivers-) $(libs-))))
+
+subdir-modorder := $(addsuffix modules.order,$(filter %/, \
+			$(core-y) $(core-m) $(libs-y) $(libs-m) \
+			$(drivers-y) $(drivers-m)))
 
 build-dirs	:= $(vmlinux-dirs)
 clean-dirs	:= $(vmlinux-alldirs)
 
-init-y		:= $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(init-y))
-core-y		:= $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(core-y))
-drivers-y	:= $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(drivers-y))
-net-y		:= $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(net-y))
-libs-y2		:= $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(filter %/, $(libs-y)))
+# Externally visible symbols (used by link-vmlinux.sh)
+KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS := $(head-y) $(patsubst %/,%/built-in.a, $(core-y))
+KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS += $(addsuffix built-in.a, $(filter %/, $(libs-y)))
 ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
-libs-y1		:= $(filter-out %/, $(libs-y))
-libs-y2		+= $(patsubst %/, %/lib.a, $(filter %/, $(libs-y)))
+KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS += $(patsubst %/, %/lib.a, $(filter %/, $(libs-y)))
+KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS := $(filter-out %/, $(libs-y))
 else
-libs-y1		:= $(patsubst %/, %/lib.a, $(libs-y))
+KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS := $(patsubst %/,%/lib.a, $(libs-y))
 endif
-virt-y		:= $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(virt-y))
+KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS += $(patsubst %/,%/built-in.a, $(drivers-y))
 
-# Externally visible symbols (used by link-vmlinux.sh)
-export KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS := $(head-y) $(init-y) $(core-y) $(libs-y2) \
-			      $(drivers-y) $(net-y) $(virt-y)
-export KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS := $(libs-y1)
+export KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS
 export KBUILD_LDS          := arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds
 export LDFLAGS_vmlinux
 # used by scripts/Makefile.package
@@ -1087,16 +1122,14 @@ vmlinux-deps := $(KBUILD_LDS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS)
 # Recurse until adjust_autoksyms.sh is satisfied
 PHONY += autoksyms_recursive
 ifdef CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
-autoksyms_recursive: descend modules.order
-	$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/adjust_autoksyms.sh \
-	  "$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile vmlinux"
-endif
-
 # For the kernel to actually contain only the needed exported symbols,
 # we have to build modules as well to determine what those symbols are.
 # (this can be evaluated only once include/config/auto.conf has been included)
-ifdef CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
-  KBUILD_MODULES := 1
+KBUILD_MODULES := 1
+
+autoksyms_recursive: descend modules.order
+	$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/adjust_autoksyms.sh \
+	  "$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile vmlinux"
 endif
 
 autoksyms_h := $(if $(CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS), include/generated/autoksyms.h)
@@ -1122,7 +1155,7 @@ targets := vmlinux
 
 # The actual objects are generated when descending,
 # make sure no implicit rule kicks in
-$(sort $(vmlinux-deps)): descend ;
+$(sort $(vmlinux-deps) $(subdir-modorder)): descend ;
 
 filechk_kernel.release = \
 	echo "$(KERNELVERSION)$$($(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/setlocalversion $(srctree))"
@@ -1147,7 +1180,8 @@ scripts: scripts_basic scripts_dtc
 PHONY += prepare archprepare
 
 archprepare: outputmakefile archheaders archscripts scripts include/config/kernel.release \
-	asm-generic $(version_h) $(autoksyms_h) include/generated/utsrelease.h
+	asm-generic $(version_h) $(autoksyms_h) include/generated/utsrelease.h \
+	include/generated/autoconf.h
 
 prepare0: archprepare
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/mod
@@ -1315,12 +1349,29 @@ dt_binding_check: scripts_dtc
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Modules
 
+# install modules.builtin regardless of CONFIG_MODULES
+PHONY += _builtin_inst_
+_builtin_inst_:
+	@mkdir -p $(MODLIB)/
+	@cp -f modules.builtin $(MODLIB)/
+	@cp -f $(objtree)/modules.builtin.modinfo $(MODLIB)/
+
+PHONY += install
+install: _builtin_inst_
+
 ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
 
 # By default, build modules as well
 
 all: modules
 
+# When we're building modules with modversions, we need to consider
+# the built-in objects during the descend as well, in order to
+# make sure the checksums are up to date before we record them.
+ifdef CONFIG_MODVERSIONS
+  KBUILD_BUILTIN := 1
+endif
+
 # Build modules
 #
 # A module can be listed more than once in obj-m resulting in
@@ -1328,12 +1379,19 @@ all: modules
 # using awk while concatenating to the final file.
 
 PHONY += modules
-modules: $(if $(KBUILD_BUILTIN),vmlinux) modules.order
+modules: $(if $(KBUILD_BUILTIN),vmlinux) modules_check
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost
-	$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/modules-check.sh
 
-modules.order: descend
-	$(Q)$(AWK) '!x[$$0]++' $(addsuffix /$@, $(build-dirs)) > $@
+PHONY += modules_check
+modules_check: modules.order
+	$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/modules-check.sh $<
+
+cmd_modules_order = $(AWK) '!x[$$0]++' $(real-prereqs) > $@
+
+modules.order: $(subdir-modorder) FORCE
+	$(call if_changed,modules_order)
+
+targets += modules.order
 
 # Target to prepare building external modules
 PHONY += modules_prepare
@@ -1344,7 +1402,7 @@ PHONY += modules_install
 modules_install: _modinst_ _modinst_post
 
 PHONY += _modinst_
-_modinst_:
+_modinst_: _builtin_inst_
 	@rm -rf $(MODLIB)/kernel
 	@rm -f $(MODLIB)/source
 	@mkdir -p $(MODLIB)/kernel
@@ -1354,8 +1412,6 @@ _modinst_:
 		ln -s $(CURDIR) $(MODLIB)/build ; \
 	fi
 	@sed 's:^:kernel/:' modules.order > $(MODLIB)/modules.order
-	@cp -f modules.builtin $(MODLIB)/
-	@cp -f $(objtree)/modules.builtin.modinfo $(MODLIB)/
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modinst
 
 # This depmod is only for convenience to give the initial
@@ -1395,14 +1451,14 @@ endif # CONFIG_MODULES
 # make distclean Remove editor backup files, patch leftover files and the like
 
 # Directories & files removed with 'make clean'
-CLEAN_DIRS  += include/ksym
-CLEAN_FILES += modules.builtin modules.builtin.modinfo modules.nsdeps
+CLEAN_FILES += include/ksym vmlinux.symvers \
+	       modules.builtin modules.builtin.modinfo modules.nsdeps
 
 # Directories & files removed with 'make mrproper'
-MRPROPER_DIRS  += include/config include/generated          \
+MRPROPER_FILES += include/config include/generated          \
 		  arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/generated .tmp_objdiff \
-		  debian/ snap/ tar-install/
-MRPROPER_FILES += .config .config.old .version \
+		  debian snap tar-install \
+		  .config .config.old .version \
 		  Module.symvers \
 		  signing_key.pem signing_key.priv signing_key.x509	\
 		  x509.genkey extra_certificates signing_key.x509.keyid	\
@@ -1410,12 +1466,10 @@ MRPROPER_FILES += .config .config.old .version \
 		  *.spec
 
 # Directories & files removed with 'make distclean'
-DISTCLEAN_DIRS  +=
 DISTCLEAN_FILES += tags TAGS cscope* GPATH GTAGS GRTAGS GSYMS
 
 # clean - Delete most, but leave enough to build external modules
 #
-clean: rm-dirs  := $(CLEAN_DIRS)
 clean: rm-files := $(CLEAN_FILES)
 
 PHONY += archclean vmlinuxclean
@@ -1428,7 +1482,6 @@ clean: archclean vmlinuxclean
 
 # mrproper - Delete all generated files, including .config
 #
-mrproper: rm-dirs  := $(wildcard $(MRPROPER_DIRS))
 mrproper: rm-files := $(wildcard $(MRPROPER_FILES))
 mrproper-dirs      := $(addprefix _mrproper_,scripts)
 
@@ -1437,18 +1490,15 @@ $(mrproper-dirs):
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(patsubst _mrproper_%,%,$@)
 
 mrproper: clean $(mrproper-dirs)
-	$(call cmd,rmdirs)
 	$(call cmd,rmfiles)
 
 # distclean
 #
-distclean: rm-dirs  := $(wildcard $(DISTCLEAN_DIRS))
 distclean: rm-files := $(wildcard $(DISTCLEAN_FILES))
 
 PHONY += distclean
 
 distclean: mrproper
-	$(call cmd,rmdirs)
 	$(call cmd,rmfiles)
 	@find $(srctree) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
 		\( -name '*.orig' -o -name '*.rej' -o -name '*~' \
@@ -1634,17 +1684,9 @@ else # KBUILD_EXTMOD
 # We are always building modules
 KBUILD_MODULES := 1
 
-PHONY += $(objtree)/Module.symvers
-$(objtree)/Module.symvers:
-	@test -e $(objtree)/Module.symvers || ( \
-	echo; \
-	echo "  WARNING: Symbol version dump $(objtree)/Module.symvers"; \
-	echo "           is missing; modules will have no dependencies and modversions."; \
-	echo )
-
 build-dirs := $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)
 PHONY += modules
-modules: descend $(objtree)/Module.symvers
+modules: descend
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost
 
 PHONY += modules_install
@@ -1663,10 +1705,6 @@ _emodinst_post: _emodinst_
 clean-dirs := $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)
 clean: rm-files := $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/Module.symvers $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/modules.nsdeps
 
-PHONY += /
-/:
-	@echo >&2 '"$(MAKE) /" is no longer supported. Please use "$(MAKE) ./" instead.'
-
 PHONY += help
 help:
 	@echo  '  Building external modules.'
@@ -1724,6 +1762,10 @@ build-dirs := $(foreach d, $(build-dirs), \
 
 endif
 
+ifndef CONFIG_MODULES
+KBUILD_MODULES :=
+endif
+
 # Handle descending into subdirectories listed in $(build-dirs)
 # Preset locale variables to speed up the build process. Limit locale
 # tweaks to this spot to avoid wrong language settings when running
@@ -1742,7 +1784,6 @@ $(clean-dirs):
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(patsubst _clean_%,%,$@)
 
 clean: $(clean-dirs)
-	$(call cmd,rmdirs)
 	$(call cmd,rmfiles)
 	@find $(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD), $(KBUILD_EXTMOD), .) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
 		\( -name '*.[aios]' -o -name '*.ko' -o -name '.*.cmd' \
@@ -1837,14 +1878,8 @@ tools/%: FORCE
 	$(Q)mkdir -p $(objtree)/tools
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) LDFLAGS= MAKEFLAGS="$(tools_silent) $(filter --j% -j,$(MAKEFLAGS))" O=$(abspath $(objtree)) subdir=tools -C $(srctree)/tools/ $*
 
-# FIXME Should go into a make.lib or something
-# ===========================================================================
-
-quiet_cmd_rmdirs = $(if $(wildcard $(rm-dirs)),CLEAN   $(wildcard $(rm-dirs)))
-      cmd_rmdirs = rm -rf $(rm-dirs)
-
 quiet_cmd_rmfiles = $(if $(wildcard $(rm-files)),CLEAN   $(wildcard $(rm-files)))
-      cmd_rmfiles = rm -f $(rm-files)
+      cmd_rmfiles = rm -rf $(rm-files)
 
 # Run depmod only if we have System.map and depmod is executable
 quiet_cmd_depmod = DEPMOD  $(KERNELRELEASE)
diff --git a/arch/arm/Makefile b/arch/arm/Makefile
index 0fb6de8..59fde2d 100644
--- a/arch/arm/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm/Makefile
@@ -45,12 +45,10 @@ endif
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CPU_BIG_ENDIAN),y)
 KBUILD_CPPFLAGS	+= -mbig-endian
 CHECKFLAGS	+= -D__ARMEB__
-AS		+= -EB
 KBUILD_LDFLAGS	+= -EB
 else
 KBUILD_CPPFLAGS	+= -mlittle-endian
 CHECKFLAGS	+= -D__ARMEL__
-AS		+= -EL
 KBUILD_LDFLAGS	+= -EL
 endif
 
diff --git a/arch/arm/boot/deflate_xip_data.sh b/arch/arm/boot/deflate_xip_data.sh
index 4093724..739f046 100755
--- a/arch/arm/boot/deflate_xip_data.sh
+++ b/arch/arm/boot/deflate_xip_data.sh
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ trap 'rm -f "$XIPIMAGE.tmp"; exit 1' 1 2 3
 # substitute the data section by a compressed version
 $DD if="$XIPIMAGE" count=$data_start iflag=count_bytes of="$XIPIMAGE.tmp"
 $DD if="$XIPIMAGE"  skip=$data_start iflag=skip_bytes |
-gzip -9 >> "$XIPIMAGE.tmp"
+$_GZIP -9 >> "$XIPIMAGE.tmp"
 
 # replace kernel binary
 mv -f "$XIPIMAGE.tmp" "$XIPIMAGE"
diff --git a/arch/arm64/Makefile b/arch/arm64/Makefile
index 650e118..76359cf 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm64/Makefile
@@ -94,7 +94,6 @@ endif
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CPU_BIG_ENDIAN), y)
 KBUILD_CPPFLAGS	+= -mbig-endian
 CHECKFLAGS	+= -D__AARCH64EB__
-AS		+= -EB
 # Prefer the baremetal ELF build target, but not all toolchains include
 # it so fall back to the standard linux version if needed.
 KBUILD_LDFLAGS	+= -EB $(call ld-option, -maarch64elfb, -maarch64linuxb)
@@ -102,7 +101,6 @@ UTS_MACHINE	:= aarch64_be
 else
 KBUILD_CPPFLAGS	+= -mlittle-endian
 CHECKFLAGS	+= -D__AARCH64EL__
-AS		+= -EL
 # Same as above, prefer ELF but fall back to linux target if needed.
 KBUILD_LDFLAGS	+= -EL $(call ld-option, -maarch64elf, -maarch64linux)
 UTS_MACHINE	:= aarch64
diff --git a/arch/h8300/boot/compressed/Makefile b/arch/h8300/boot/compressed/Makefile
index 9e27010..5942793 100644
--- a/arch/h8300/boot/compressed/Makefile
+++ b/arch/h8300/boot/compressed/Makefile
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ CONFIG_MEMORY_START     ?= 0x00400000
 CONFIG_BOOT_LINK_OFFSET ?= 0x00280000
 IMAGE_OFFSET := $(shell printf "0x%08x" $$(($(CONFIG_MEMORY_START)+$(CONFIG_BOOT_LINK_OFFSET))))
 
-LIBGCC := $(shell $(CROSS-COMPILE)$(CC) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) -print-libgcc-file-name)
+LIBGCC := $(shell $(CROSS-COMPILE)$(CC) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) -print-libgcc-file-name 2>/dev/null)
 LDFLAGS_vmlinux := -Ttext $(IMAGE_OFFSET) -estartup -T $(obj)/vmlinux.lds \
 	--defsym output=$(CONFIG_MEMORY_START)
 
diff --git a/arch/hexagon/Makefile b/arch/hexagon/Makefile
index 4c5858b..c168c69 100644
--- a/arch/hexagon/Makefile
+++ b/arch/hexagon/Makefile
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ TIR_NAME := r19
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -ffixed-$(TIR_NAME) -DTHREADINFO_REG=$(TIR_NAME) -D__linux__
 KBUILD_AFLAGS += -DTHREADINFO_REG=$(TIR_NAME)
 
-LIBGCC := $(shell $(CC) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) -print-libgcc-file-name)
+LIBGCC := $(shell $(CC) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) -print-libgcc-file-name 2>/dev/null)
 libs-y += $(LIBGCC)
 
 head-y := arch/hexagon/kernel/head.o
diff --git a/arch/ia64/Makefile b/arch/ia64/Makefile
index 3224000..f817f3d 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/Makefile
+++ b/arch/ia64/Makefile
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ $(error Sorry, you need a newer version of the assember, one that is built from	
 endif
 
 quiet_cmd_gzip = GZIP    $@
-cmd_gzip = cat $(real-prereqs) | gzip -n -f -9 > $@
+cmd_gzip = cat $(real-prereqs) | $(_GZIP) -n -f -9 > $@
 
 quiet_cmd_objcopy = OBJCOPY $@
 cmd_objcopy = $(OBJCOPY) $(OBJCOPYFLAGS) $(OBJCOPYFLAGS_$(@F)) $< $@
diff --git a/arch/m68k/Makefile b/arch/m68k/Makefile
index 5d92883..ce6db5e 100644
--- a/arch/m68k/Makefile
+++ b/arch/m68k/Makefile
@@ -135,10 +135,10 @@ vmlinux.gz: vmlinux
 ifndef CONFIG_KGDB
 	cp vmlinux vmlinux.tmp
 	$(STRIP) vmlinux.tmp
-	gzip -9c vmlinux.tmp >vmlinux.gz
+	$(_GZIP) -9c vmlinux.tmp >vmlinux.gz
 	rm vmlinux.tmp
 else
-	gzip -9c vmlinux >vmlinux.gz
+	$(_GZIP) -9c vmlinux >vmlinux.gz
 endif
 
 bzImage: vmlinux.bz2
@@ -148,10 +148,10 @@ vmlinux.bz2: vmlinux
 ifndef CONFIG_KGDB
 	cp vmlinux vmlinux.tmp
 	$(STRIP) vmlinux.tmp
-	bzip2 -1c vmlinux.tmp >vmlinux.bz2
+	$(_BZIP2) -1c vmlinux.tmp >vmlinux.bz2
 	rm vmlinux.tmp
 else
-	bzip2 -1c vmlinux >vmlinux.bz2
+	$(_BZIP2) -1c vmlinux >vmlinux.bz2
 endif
 
 archclean:
diff --git a/arch/parisc/Makefile b/arch/parisc/Makefile
index fadbbd0..182a5bc 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/Makefile
+++ b/arch/parisc/Makefile
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ vmlinuz: bzImage
 	$(OBJCOPY) $(boot)/bzImage $@
 else
 vmlinuz: vmlinux
-	@gzip -cf -9 $< > $@
+	@$(_GZIP) -cf -9 $< > $@
 endif
 
 install:
diff --git a/arch/um/Makefile b/arch/um/Makefile
index 275f5ff..3f27aa3 100644
--- a/arch/um/Makefile
+++ b/arch/um/Makefile
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ export CFLAGS_vmlinux := $(LINK-y) $(LINK_WRAPS) $(LD_FLAGS_CMDLINE)
 # When cleaning we don't include .config, so we don't include
 # TT or skas makefiles and don't clean skas_ptregs.h.
 CLEAN_FILES += linux x.i gmon.out
-MRPROPER_DIRS += arch/$(SUBARCH)/include/generated
+MRPROPER_FILES += arch/$(SUBARCH)/include/generated
 
 archclean:
 	@find . \( -name '*.bb' -o -name '*.bbg' -o -name '*.da' \
diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/Makefile b/arch/um/drivers/Makefile
index a290821..2a249f6 100644
--- a/arch/um/drivers/Makefile
+++ b/arch/um/drivers/Makefile
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ ubd-objs := ubd_kern.o ubd_user.o
 port-objs := port_kern.o port_user.o
 harddog-objs := harddog_kern.o harddog_user.o
 
-LDFLAGS_pcap.o := -r $(shell $(CC) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) -print-file-name=libpcap.a)
+LDFLAGS_pcap.o = $(shell $(CC) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) -print-file-name=libpcap.a)
 
-LDFLAGS_vde.o := -r $(shell $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -print-file-name=libvdeplug.a)
+LDFLAGS_vde.o = $(shell $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -print-file-name=libvdeplug.a)
 
 targets := pcap_kern.o pcap_user.o vde_kern.o vde_user.o
 
diff --git a/arch/unicore32/lib/Makefile b/arch/unicore32/lib/Makefile
index 098981a..5af0664 100644
--- a/arch/unicore32/lib/Makefile
+++ b/arch/unicore32/lib/Makefile
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ lib-y	+= strncpy_from_user.o strnlen_user.o
 lib-y	+= clear_user.o copy_page.o
 lib-y	+= copy_from_user.o copy_to_user.o
 
-GNU_LIBC_A		:= $(shell $(CC) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) -print-file-name=libc.a)
+GNU_LIBC_A		= $(shell $(CC) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) -print-file-name=libc.a)
 GNU_LIBC_A_OBJS		:= memchr.o memcpy.o memmove.o memset.o
 GNU_LIBC_A_OBJS		+= strchr.o strrchr.o
 GNU_LIBC_A_OBJS		+= rawmemchr.o			# needed by strrchr.o
 
-GNU_LIBGCC_A		:= $(shell $(CC) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) -print-file-name=libgcc.a)
+GNU_LIBGCC_A		= $(shell $(CC) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) -print-file-name=libgcc.a)
 GNU_LIBGCC_A_OBJS	:= _ashldi3.o _ashrdi3.o _lshrdi3.o
 GNU_LIBGCC_A_OBJS	+= _divsi3.o _modsi3.o _ucmpdi2.o _umodsi3.o _udivsi3.o
 
diff --git a/include/linux/kconfig.h b/include/linux/kconfig.h
index cc8fa10..9d12c97 100644
--- a/include/linux/kconfig.h
+++ b/include/linux/kconfig.h
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 #ifndef __LINUX_KCONFIG_H
 #define __LINUX_KCONFIG_H
 
+/* CONFIG_CC_VERSION_TEXT (Do not delete this comment. See help in Kconfig) */
+
 #include <generated/autoconf.h>
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_BIG_ENDIAN
diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
index b5294bc..58a4b70 100644
--- a/init/Kconfig
+++ b/init/Kconfig
@@ -8,8 +8,25 @@ config DEFCONFIG_LIST
 	default "/boot/config-$(shell,uname -r)"
 	default "arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/$(KBUILD_DEFCONFIG)"
 
+config CC_VERSION_TEXT
+	string
+	default "$(CC_VERSION_TEXT)"
+	help
+	  This is used in unclear ways:
+
+	  - Re-run Kconfig when the compiler is updated
+	    The 'default' property references the environment variable,
+	    CC_VERSION_TEXT so it is recorded in include/config/auto.conf.cmd.
+	    When the compiler is updated, Kconfig will be invoked.
+
+	  - Ensure full rebuild when the compier is updated
+	    include/linux/kconfig.h contains this option in the comment line so
+	    fixdep adds include/config/cc/version/text.h into the auto-generated
+	    dependency. When the compiler is updated, syncconfig will touch it
+	    and then every file will be rebuilt.
+
 config CC_IS_GCC
-	def_bool $(success,$(CC) --version | head -n 1 | grep -q gcc)
+	def_bool $(success,echo "$(CC_VERSION_TEXT)" | grep -q gcc)
 
 config GCC_VERSION
 	int
@@ -21,7 +38,7 @@ config LD_VERSION
 	default $(shell,$(LD) --version | $(srctree)/scripts/ld-version.sh)
 
 config CC_IS_CLANG
-	def_bool $(success,$(CC) --version | head -n 1 | grep -q clang)
+	def_bool $(success,echo "$(CC_VERSION_TEXT)" | grep -q clang)
 
 config LD_IS_LLD
 	def_bool $(success,$(LD) -v | head -n 1 | grep -q LLD)
@@ -31,7 +48,14 @@ config CLANG_VERSION
 	default $(shell,$(srctree)/scripts/clang-version.sh $(CC))
 
 config CC_CAN_LINK
-	def_bool $(success,$(srctree)/scripts/cc-can-link.sh $(CC))
+	bool
+	default $(success,$(srctree)/scripts/cc-can-link.sh $(CC) $(m64-flag)) if 64BIT
+	default $(success,$(srctree)/scripts/cc-can-link.sh $(CC) $(m32-flag))
+
+config CC_CAN_LINK_STATIC
+	bool
+	default $(success,$(srctree)/scripts/cc-can-link.sh $(CC) -static $(m64-flag)) if 64BIT
+	default $(success,$(srctree)/scripts/cc-can-link.sh $(CC) -static $(m32-flag))
 
 config CC_HAS_ASM_GOTO
 	def_bool $(success,$(srctree)/scripts/gcc-goto.sh $(CC))
diff --git a/init/Makefile b/init/Makefile
index d45e967..57499b1 100644
--- a/init/Makefile
+++ b/init/Makefile
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ include/generated/compile.h: FORCE
 	@$($(quiet)chk_compile.h)
 	$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/mkcompile_h $@	\
 	"$(UTS_MACHINE)" "$(CONFIG_SMP)" "$(CONFIG_PREEMPT)"	\
-	"$(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)" "$(CC)" "$(LD)"
+	"$(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)" $(CONFIG_CC_VERSION_TEXT) "$(LD)"
diff --git a/kernel/gen_kheaders.sh b/kernel/gen_kheaders.sh
index e13ca84..c1510f0 100755
--- a/kernel/gen_kheaders.sh
+++ b/kernel/gen_kheaders.sh
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ find $cpio_dir -type f -print0 |
 find $cpio_dir -printf "./%P\n" | LC_ALL=C sort | \
     tar "${KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP:+--mtime=$KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP}" \
     --owner=0 --group=0 --numeric-owner --no-recursion \
-    -Jcf $tarfile -C $cpio_dir/ -T - > /dev/null
+    -I $XZ -cf $tarfile -C $cpio_dir/ -T - > /dev/null
 
 echo $headers_md5 > kernel/kheaders.md5
 echo "$this_file_md5" >> kernel/kheaders.md5
diff --git a/lib/Kconfig.debug b/lib/Kconfig.debug
index b9a450b..9bd4eb7 100644
--- a/lib/Kconfig.debug
+++ b/lib/Kconfig.debug
@@ -213,6 +213,23 @@ config DEBUG_INFO_REDUCED
 	  DEBUG_INFO build and compile times are reduced too.
 	  Only works with newer gcc versions.
 
+config DEBUG_INFO_COMPRESSED
+	bool "Compressed debugging information"
+	depends on DEBUG_INFO
+	depends on $(cc-option,-gz=zlib)
+	depends on $(as-option,-Wa$(comma)--compress-debug-sections=zlib)
+	depends on $(ld-option,--compress-debug-sections=zlib)
+	help
+	  Compress the debug information using zlib.  Requires GCC 5.0+ or Clang
+	  5.0+, binutils 2.26+, and zlib.
+
+	  Users of dpkg-deb via scripts/package/builddeb may find an increase in
+	  size of their debug .deb packages with this config set, due to the
+	  debug info being compressed with zlib, then the object files being
+	  recompressed with a different compression scheme. But this is still
+	  preferable to setting $KDEB_COMPRESS to "none" which would be even
+	  larger.
+
 config DEBUG_INFO_SPLIT
 	bool "Produce split debuginfo in .dwo files"
 	depends on DEBUG_INFO
diff --git a/net/bpfilter/Kconfig b/net/bpfilter/Kconfig
index fed9290..84015ef 100644
--- a/net/bpfilter/Kconfig
+++ b/net/bpfilter/Kconfig
@@ -9,8 +9,12 @@ menuconfig BPFILTER
 if BPFILTER
 config BPFILTER_UMH
 	tristate "bpfilter kernel module with user mode helper"
-	depends on CC_CAN_LINK
+	depends on CC_CAN_LINK_STATIC
 	default m
 	help
 	  This builds bpfilter kernel module with embedded user mode helper
+
+	  Note: your toolchain must support building static binaries, since
+	  rootfs isn't mounted at the time when __init functions are called
+	  and do_execv won't be able to find the elf interpreter.
 endif
diff --git a/net/bpfilter/Makefile b/net/bpfilter/Makefile
index 3658030..f23b532 100644
--- a/net/bpfilter/Makefile
+++ b/net/bpfilter/Makefile
@@ -3,17 +3,14 @@
 # Makefile for the Linux BPFILTER layer.
 #
 
-hostprogs := bpfilter_umh
+userprogs := bpfilter_umh
 bpfilter_umh-objs := main.o
-KBUILD_HOSTCFLAGS += -I $(srctree)/tools/include/ -I $(srctree)/tools/include/uapi
-HOSTCC := $(CC)
+userccflags += -I $(srctree)/tools/include/ -I $(srctree)/tools/include/uapi
 
-ifeq ($(CONFIG_BPFILTER_UMH), y)
-# builtin bpfilter_umh should be compiled with -static
+# builtin bpfilter_umh should be linked with -static
 # since rootfs isn't mounted at the time of __init
 # function is called and do_execv won't find elf interpreter
-KBUILD_HOSTLDFLAGS += -static
-endif
+userldflags += -static
 
 $(obj)/bpfilter_umh_blob.o: $(obj)/bpfilter_umh
 
diff --git a/samples/Kconfig b/samples/Kconfig
index 205076c..0cbb614 100644
--- a/samples/Kconfig
+++ b/samples/Kconfig
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ menuconfig SAMPLES
 
 if SAMPLES
 
+config SAMPLE_AUXDISPLAY
+	bool "auxdisplay sample"
+	depends on CC_CAN_LINK
+
 config SAMPLE_TRACE_EVENTS
 	tristate "Build trace_events examples -- loadable modules only"
 	depends on EVENT_TRACING && m
@@ -118,19 +122,29 @@ config SAMPLE_CONNECTOR
 
 config SAMPLE_HIDRAW
 	bool "hidraw sample"
-	depends on HEADERS_INSTALL
+	depends on CC_CAN_LINK && HEADERS_INSTALL
 
 config SAMPLE_PIDFD
 	bool "pidfd sample"
-	depends on HEADERS_INSTALL
+	depends on CC_CAN_LINK && HEADERS_INSTALL
 
 config SAMPLE_SECCOMP
 	bool "Build seccomp sample code"
-	depends on SECCOMP_FILTER && HEADERS_INSTALL
+	depends on SECCOMP_FILTER && CC_CAN_LINK && HEADERS_INSTALL
 	help
 	  Build samples of seccomp filters using various methods of
 	  BPF filter construction.
 
+config SAMPLE_TIMER
+	bool "Timer sample"
+	depends on CC_CAN_LINK && HEADERS_INSTALL
+
+config SAMPLE_UHID
+	bool "UHID sample"
+	depends on CC_CAN_LINK && HEADERS_INSTALL
+	help
+	  Build UHID sample program.
+
 config SAMPLE_VFIO_MDEV_MTTY
 	tristate "Build VFIO mtty example mediated device sample code -- loadable modules only"
 	depends on VFIO_MDEV_DEVICE && m
@@ -178,7 +192,7 @@ config SAMPLE_ANDROID_BINDERFS
 
 config SAMPLE_VFS
 	bool "Build example programs that use new VFS system calls"
-	depends on HEADERS_INSTALL
+	depends on CC_CAN_LINK && HEADERS_INSTALL
 	help
 	  Build example userspace programs that use new VFS system calls such
 	  as mount API and statx().  Note that this is restricted to the x86
@@ -187,8 +201,12 @@ config SAMPLE_VFS
 config SAMPLE_INTEL_MEI
 	bool "Build example program working with intel mei driver"
 	depends on INTEL_MEI
+	depends on CC_CAN_LINK && HEADERS_INSTALL
 	help
 	  Build a sample program to work with mei device.
 
+config SAMPLE_WATCHDOG
+	bool "watchdog sample"
+	depends on CC_CAN_LINK
 
 endif # SAMPLES
diff --git a/samples/Makefile b/samples/Makefile
index f8f847b..29c66aa 100644
--- a/samples/Makefile
+++ b/samples/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 # Makefile for Linux samples code
-OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD := y
 
+subdir-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_AUXDISPLAY)	+= auxdisplay
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_ANDROID_BINDERFS)	+= binderfs/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_CONFIGFS)		+= configfs/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_CONNECTOR)		+= connector/
@@ -16,11 +16,14 @@ subdir-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_PIDFD)		+= pidfd
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_QMI_CLIENT)		+= qmi/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_RPMSG_CLIENT)	+= rpmsg/
 subdir-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_SECCOMP)		+= seccomp
+subdir-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_TIMER)		+= timers
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_TRACE_EVENTS)	+= trace_events/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_TRACE_PRINTK)	+= trace_printk/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_FTRACE_DIRECT)	+= ftrace/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_TRACE_ARRAY)	+= ftrace/
+subdir-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_UHID)		+= uhid
 obj-$(CONFIG_VIDEO_PCI_SKELETON)	+= v4l/
 obj-y					+= vfio-mdev/
 subdir-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_VFS)		+= vfs
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_INTEL_MEI)		+= mei/
+subdir-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_WATCHDOG)	+= watchdog
diff --git a/samples/auxdisplay/Makefile b/samples/auxdisplay/Makefile
index 0273bab..dbdf939 100644
--- a/samples/auxdisplay/Makefile
+++ b/samples/auxdisplay/Makefile
@@ -1,10 +1,3 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-CC := $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
-CFLAGS := -I../../usr/include
-
-PROGS := cfag12864b-example
-
-all: $(PROGS)
-
-clean:
-	rm -fr $(PROGS)
+userprogs := cfag12864b-example
+always-y := $(userprogs)
diff --git a/samples/connector/Makefile b/samples/connector/Makefile
index b785cbd..50cb40e 100644
--- a/samples/connector/Makefile
+++ b/samples/connector/Makefile
@@ -1,13 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_CONNECTOR) += cn_test.o
 
-# List of programs to build
-hostprogs := ucon
-always-y := $(hostprogs)
+userprogs := ucon
+always-$(CONFIG_CC_CAN_LINK) := $(userprogs)
 
-HOSTCFLAGS_ucon.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
-
-all: modules
-
-modules clean:
-	$(MAKE) -C ../.. M=$(CURDIR) $@
+userccflags += -I usr/include
diff --git a/samples/hidraw/Makefile b/samples/hidraw/Makefile
index 8bd25f7..d2c77ed 100644
--- a/samples/hidraw/Makefile
+++ b/samples/hidraw/Makefile
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-# List of programs to build
-hostprogs := hid-example
-always-y := $(hostprogs)
+userprogs := hid-example
+always-y := $(userprogs)
 
-HOSTCFLAGS_hid-example.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
-
-all: hid-example
+userccflags += -I usr/include
diff --git a/samples/mei/Makefile b/samples/mei/Makefile
index f5b9d02..329411f 100644
--- a/samples/mei/Makefile
+++ b/samples/mei/Makefile
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 # Copyright (c) 2012-2019, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
 
-hostprogs := mei-amt-version
+userprogs := mei-amt-version
+always-y := $(userprogs)
 
-HOSTCFLAGS_mei-amt-version.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
-
-always-y := $(hostprogs)
-
-all: mei-amt-version
+userccflags += -I usr/include
diff --git a/samples/pidfd/Makefile b/samples/pidfd/Makefile
index ee29798..6e5b67e 100644
--- a/samples/pidfd/Makefile
+++ b/samples/pidfd/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
-hostprogs := pidfd-metadata
-always-y := $(hostprogs)
-HOSTCFLAGS_pidfd-metadata.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
-all: pidfd-metadata
+usertprogs := pidfd-metadata
+always-y := $(userprogs)
+
+userccflags += -I usr/include
diff --git a/samples/seccomp/Makefile b/samples/seccomp/Makefile
index 89279e8..75916c2 100644
--- a/samples/seccomp/Makefile
+++ b/samples/seccomp/Makefile
@@ -1,44 +1,8 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-ifndef CROSS_COMPILE
-hostprogs := bpf-fancy dropper bpf-direct user-trap
+userprogs := bpf-fancy dropper bpf-direct user-trap
 
-HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-fancy.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
-HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-fancy.o += -idirafter $(objtree)/include
-HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-helper.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
-HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-helper.o += -idirafter $(objtree)/include
 bpf-fancy-objs := bpf-fancy.o bpf-helper.o
 
-HOSTCFLAGS_dropper.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
-HOSTCFLAGS_dropper.o += -idirafter $(objtree)/include
-dropper-objs := dropper.o
+userccflags += -I usr/include
 
-HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-direct.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
-HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-direct.o += -idirafter $(objtree)/include
-bpf-direct-objs := bpf-direct.o
-
-HOSTCFLAGS_user-trap.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
-HOSTCFLAGS_user-trap.o += -idirafter $(objtree)/include
-user-trap-objs := user-trap.o
-
-# Try to match the kernel target.
-ifndef CONFIG_64BIT
-
-# s390 has -m31 flag to build 31 bit binaries
-ifndef CONFIG_S390
-MFLAG = -m32
-else
-MFLAG = -m31
-endif
-
-HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-direct.o += $(MFLAG)
-HOSTCFLAGS_dropper.o += $(MFLAG)
-HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-helper.o += $(MFLAG)
-HOSTCFLAGS_bpf-fancy.o += $(MFLAG)
-HOSTCFLAGS_user-trap.o += $(MFLAG)
-HOSTLDLIBS_bpf-direct += $(MFLAG)
-HOSTLDLIBS_bpf-fancy += $(MFLAG)
-HOSTLDLIBS_dropper += $(MFLAG)
-HOSTLDLIBS_user-trap += $(MFLAG)
-endif
-always-y := $(hostprogs)
-endif
+always-y := $(userprogs)
diff --git a/samples/timers/Makefile b/samples/timers/Makefile
index f9fa074..15c7ddb 100644
--- a/samples/timers/Makefile
+++ b/samples/timers/Makefile
@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-ifndef CROSS_COMPILE
-uname_M := $(shell uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo not)
-ARCH ?= $(shell echo $(uname_M) | sed -e s/i.86/x86/ -e s/x86_64/x86/)
+userprogs := hpet_example
+always-y := $(userprogs)
 
-ifeq ($(ARCH),x86)
-CC := $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
-PROGS := hpet_example
-
-all: $(PROGS)
-
-clean:
-	rm -fr $(PROGS)
-
-endif
-endif
+userccflags += -I usr/include
diff --git a/samples/uhid/.gitignore b/samples/uhid/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e0a5a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/uhid/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/uhid-example
diff --git a/samples/uhid/Makefile b/samples/uhid/Makefile
index 5f44ea4..9e652fc 100644
--- a/samples/uhid/Makefile
+++ b/samples/uhid/Makefile
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
-# List of programs to build
-hostprogs := uhid-example
+userprogs := uhid-example
+always-y := $(userprogs)
 
-# Tell kbuild to always build the programs
-always-y := $(hostprogs)
-
-HOSTCFLAGS_uhid-example.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
+userccflags += -I usr/include
diff --git a/samples/uhid/uhid-example.c b/samples/uhid/uhid-example.c
index b72d645..015cb06 100644
--- a/samples/uhid/uhid-example.c
+++ b/samples/uhid/uhid-example.c
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ static int uhid_write(int fd, const struct uhid_event *ev)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Cannot write to uhid: %m\n");
 		return -errno;
 	} else if (ret != sizeof(*ev)) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Wrong size written to uhid: %ld != %lu\n",
+		fprintf(stderr, "Wrong size written to uhid: %zd != %zu\n",
 			ret, sizeof(ev));
 		return -EFAULT;
 	} else {
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ static int event(int fd)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read uhid-cdev: %m\n");
 		return -errno;
 	} else if (ret != sizeof(ev)) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Invalid size read from uhid-dev: %ld != %lu\n",
+		fprintf(stderr, "Invalid size read from uhid-dev: %zd != %zu\n",
 			ret, sizeof(ev));
 		return -EFAULT;
 	}
diff --git a/samples/vfs/Makefile b/samples/vfs/Makefile
index 65acdde..00b6824 100644
--- a/samples/vfs/Makefile
+++ b/samples/vfs/Makefile
@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
-# List of programs to build
-hostprogs := \
-	test-fsmount \
-	test-statx
+userprogs := test-fsmount test-statx
+always-y := $(userprogs)
 
-always-y := $(hostprogs)
-
-HOSTCFLAGS_test-fsmount.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
-HOSTCFLAGS_test-statx.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
+userccflags += -I usr/include
diff --git a/samples/watchdog/Makefile b/samples/watchdog/Makefile
index a9430fa..17384cf 100644
--- a/samples/watchdog/Makefile
+++ b/samples/watchdog/Makefile
@@ -1,9 +1,3 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-CC := $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
-PROGS := watchdog-simple
-
-all: $(PROGS)
-
-clean:
-	rm -fr $(PROGS)
-
+userprogs := watchdog-simple
+always-y := $(userprogs)
diff --git a/scripts/Kbuild.include b/scripts/Kbuild.include
index 6cabf20..0c3dc98 100644
--- a/scripts/Kbuild.include
+++ b/scripts/Kbuild.include
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pound := \#
 dot-target = $(dir $@).$(notdir $@)
 
 ###
-# The temporary file to save gcc -MD generated dependencies must not
+# The temporary file to save gcc -MMD generated dependencies must not
 # contain a comma
 depfile = $(subst $(comma),_,$(dot-target).d)
 
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.build b/scripts/Makefile.build
index 9fcbfac..2e8810b 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.build
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.build
@@ -50,6 +50,12 @@ ifneq ($(hostprogs)$(hostcxxlibs-y)$(hostcxxlibs-m),)
 include scripts/Makefile.host
 endif
 
+# Do not include userprogs rules unless needed.
+userprogs := $(sort $(userprogs))
+ifneq ($(userprogs),)
+include scripts/Makefile.userprogs
+endif
+
 ifndef obj
 $(warning kbuild: Makefile.build is included improperly)
 endif
@@ -63,19 +69,27 @@ endif
 
 # ===========================================================================
 
+# subdir-builtin and subdir-modorder may contain duplications. Use $(sort ...)
+subdir-builtin := $(sort $(filter %/built-in.a, $(real-obj-y)))
+subdir-modorder := $(sort $(filter %/modules.order, $(obj-m)))
+
+targets-for-builtin := $(extra-y)
+
 ifneq ($(strip $(lib-y) $(lib-m) $(lib-)),)
-lib-target := $(obj)/lib.a
+targets-for-builtin += $(obj)/lib.a
 endif
 
 ifdef need-builtin
-builtin-target := $(obj)/built-in.a
+targets-for-builtin += $(obj)/built-in.a
 endif
 
-ifeq ($(CONFIG_MODULES)$(need-modorder),y1)
-modorder-target := $(obj)/modules.order
+targets-for-modules := $(patsubst %.o, %.mod, $(filter %.o, $(obj-m)))
+
+ifdef need-modorder
+targets-for-modules += $(obj)/modules.order
 endif
 
-mod-targets := $(patsubst %.o, %.mod, $(obj-m))
+targets += $(targets-for-builtin) $(targets-for-modules)
 
 # Linus' kernel sanity checking tool
 ifeq ($(KBUILD_CHECKSRC),1)
@@ -274,8 +288,6 @@ cmd_mod = { \
 $(obj)/%.mod: $(obj)/%.o FORCE
 	$(call if_changed,mod)
 
-targets += $(mod-targets)
-
 quiet_cmd_cc_lst_c = MKLST   $@
       cmd_cc_lst_c = $(CC) $(c_flags) -g -c -o $*.o $< && \
 		     $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/makelst $*.o \
@@ -348,8 +360,9 @@ endif
 $(obj)/%.o: $(src)/%.S $(objtool_dep) FORCE
 	$(call if_changed_rule,as_o_S)
 
-targets += $(filter-out $(subdir-obj-y), $(real-obj-y)) $(real-obj-m) $(lib-y)
-targets += $(extra-y) $(always-y) $(MAKECMDGOALS)
+targets += $(filter-out $(subdir-builtin), $(real-obj-y))
+targets += $(filter-out $(subdir-modorder), $(real-obj-m))
+targets += $(lib-y) $(always-y) $(MAKECMDGOALS)
 
 # Linker scripts preprocessor (.lds.S -> .lds)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -373,44 +386,40 @@ $(obj)/%.asn1.c $(obj)/%.asn1.h: $(src)/%.asn1 $(objtree)/scripts/asn1_compiler
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # To build objects in subdirs, we need to descend into the directories
-$(obj)/%/built-in.a: $(obj)/% ;
+$(subdir-builtin): $(obj)/%/built-in.a: $(obj)/% ;
+$(subdir-modorder): $(obj)/%/modules.order: $(obj)/% ;
 
 #
 # Rule to compile a set of .o files into one .a file (without symbol table)
 #
-ifdef builtin-target
 
 quiet_cmd_ar_builtin = AR      $@
       cmd_ar_builtin = rm -f $@; $(AR) cDPrST $@ $(real-prereqs)
 
-$(builtin-target): $(real-obj-y) FORCE
+$(obj)/built-in.a: $(real-obj-y) FORCE
 	$(call if_changed,ar_builtin)
 
-targets += $(builtin-target)
-endif # builtin-target
-
 #
 # Rule to create modules.order file
 #
 # Create commands to either record .ko file or cat modules.order from
 # a subdirectory
-$(modorder-target): $(subdir-ym) FORCE
-	$(Q){ $(foreach m, $(modorder), \
-	$(if $(filter %/modules.order, $m), cat $m, echo $m);) :; } \
+# Add $(obj-m) as the prerequisite to avoid updating the timestamp of
+# modules.order unless contained modules are updated.
+
+cmd_modules_order = { $(foreach m, $(real-prereqs), \
+	$(if $(filter %/modules.order, $m), cat $m, echo $(patsubst %.o,%.ko,$m));) :; } \
 	| $(AWK) '!x[$$0]++' - > $@
 
+$(obj)/modules.order: $(obj-m) FORCE
+	$(call if_changed,modules_order)
+
 #
 # Rule to compile a set of .o files into one .a file (with symbol table)
 #
-ifdef lib-target
-
-$(lib-target): $(lib-y) FORCE
+$(obj)/lib.a: $(lib-y) FORCE
 	$(call if_changed,ar)
 
-targets += $(lib-target)
-
-endif
-
 # NOTE:
 # Do not replace $(filter %.o,^) with $(real-prereqs). When a single object
 # module is turned into a multi object module, $^ will contain header file
@@ -473,8 +482,8 @@ endif
 
 else
 
-__build: $(if $(KBUILD_BUILTIN),$(builtin-target) $(lib-target) $(extra-y)) \
-	 $(if $(KBUILD_MODULES),$(obj-m) $(mod-targets) $(modorder-target)) \
+__build: $(if $(KBUILD_BUILTIN), $(targets-for-builtin)) \
+	 $(if $(KBUILD_MODULES), $(targets-for-modules)) \
 	 $(subdir-ym) $(always-y)
 	@:
 
@@ -487,8 +496,8 @@ PHONY += $(subdir-ym)
 $(subdir-ym):
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$@ \
 	$(if $(filter $@/, $(KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS)),single-build=) \
-	need-builtin=$(if $(filter $@/built-in.a, $(subdir-obj-y)),1) \
-	need-modorder=$(if $(need-modorder),$(if $(filter $@/modules.order, $(modorder)),1))
+	need-builtin=$(if $(filter $@/built-in.a, $(subdir-builtin)),1) \
+	need-modorder=$(if $(filter $@/modules.order, $(subdir-modorder)),1)
 
 # Add FORCE to the prequisites of a target to force it to be always rebuilt.
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.clean b/scripts/Makefile.clean
index 075f0cc..e2c7612 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.clean
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.clean
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ subdir-ymn	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(subdir-ymn))
 
 __clean-files	:= $(extra-y) $(extra-m) $(extra-)       \
 		   $(always) $(always-y) $(always-m) $(always-) $(targets) $(clean-files)   \
-		   $(hostprogs) $(hostprogs-y) $(hostprogs-m) $(hostprogs-) \
+		   $(hostprogs) $(hostprogs-y) $(hostprogs-m) $(hostprogs-) $(userprogs) \
 		   $(hostcxxlibs-y) $(hostcxxlibs-m)
 
 __clean-files   := $(filter-out $(no-clean-files), $(__clean-files))
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.host b/scripts/Makefile.host
index 2045855..c8a4a03 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.host
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.host
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ _hostcxx_flags += -I $(objtree)/$(obj)
 endif
 endif
 
-hostc_flags    = -Wp,-MD,$(depfile) $(_hostc_flags)
-hostcxx_flags  = -Wp,-MD,$(depfile) $(_hostcxx_flags)
+hostc_flags    = -Wp,-MMD,$(depfile) $(_hostc_flags)
+hostcxx_flags  = -Wp,-MMD,$(depfile) $(_hostcxx_flags)
 
 #####
 # Compile programs on the host
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.lib b/scripts/Makefile.lib
index 4b79973..127f2a7 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.lib
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.lib
@@ -4,8 +4,18 @@ asflags-y  += $(EXTRA_AFLAGS)
 ccflags-y  += $(EXTRA_CFLAGS)
 cppflags-y += $(EXTRA_CPPFLAGS)
 ldflags-y  += $(EXTRA_LDFLAGS)
+ifneq ($(always),)
+$(warning 'always' is deprecated. Please use 'always-y' instead)
 always-y   += $(always)
-hostprogs  += $(hostprogs-y) $(hostprogs-m)
+endif
+ifneq ($(hostprogs-y),)
+$(warning 'hostprogs-y' is deprecated. Please use 'hostprogs' instead)
+hostprogs  += $(hostprogs-y)
+endif
+ifneq ($(hostprogs-m),)
+$(warning 'hostprogs-m' is deprecated. Please use 'hostprogs' instead)
+hostprogs  += $(hostprogs-m)
+endif
 
 # flags that take effect in current and sub directories
 KBUILD_AFLAGS += $(subdir-asflags-y)
@@ -22,40 +32,35 @@ obj-m := $(filter-out $(obj-y),$(obj-m))
 # Filter out objects already built-in
 lib-y := $(filter-out $(obj-y), $(sort $(lib-y) $(lib-m)))
 
-# Determine modorder.
-# Unfortunately, we don't have information about ordering between -y
-# and -m subdirs.  Just put -y's first.
-modorder	:= $(patsubst %/,%/modules.order, $(filter %/, $(obj-y)) $(obj-m:.o=.ko))
+# Subdirectories we need to descend into
+subdir-ym := $(sort $(subdir-y) $(subdir-m) \
+			$(patsubst %/,%, $(filter %/, $(obj-y) $(obj-m))))
+
+# Handle objects in subdirs:
+# - If we encounter foo/ in $(obj-y), replace it by foo/built-in.a and
+#   foo/modules.order
+# - If we encounter foo/ in $(obj-m), replace it by foo/modules.order
+#
+# Generate modules.order to determine modorder. Unfortunately, we don't have
+# information about ordering between -y and -m subdirs. Just put -y's first.
+
+ifdef need-modorder
+obj-m := $(patsubst %/,%/modules.order, $(filter %/, $(obj-y)) $(obj-m))
+else
+obj-m := $(filter-out %/, $(obj-m))
+endif
 
-# Handle objects in subdirs
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# o if we encounter foo/ in $(obj-y), replace it by foo/built-in.a
-#   and add the directory to the list of dirs to descend into: $(subdir-y)
-# o if we encounter foo/ in $(obj-m), remove it from $(obj-m)
-#   and add the directory to the list of dirs to descend into: $(subdir-m)
-__subdir-y	:= $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(obj-y)))
-subdir-y	+= $(__subdir-y)
-__subdir-m	:= $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(obj-m)))
-subdir-m	+= $(__subdir-m)
 ifdef need-builtin
 obj-y		:= $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(obj-y))
 else
 obj-y		:= $(filter-out %/, $(obj-y))
 endif
-obj-m		:= $(filter-out %/, $(obj-m))
-
-# Subdirectories we need to descend into
-subdir-ym	:= $(sort $(subdir-y) $(subdir-m))
 
 # If $(foo-objs), $(foo-y), $(foo-m), or $(foo-) exists, foo.o is a composite object
 multi-used-y := $(sort $(foreach m,$(obj-y), $(if $(strip $($(m:.o=-objs)) $($(m:.o=-y)) $($(m:.o=-))), $(m))))
 multi-used-m := $(sort $(foreach m,$(obj-m), $(if $(strip $($(m:.o=-objs)) $($(m:.o=-y)) $($(m:.o=-m)) $($(m:.o=-))), $(m))))
 multi-used   := $(multi-used-y) $(multi-used-m)
 
-# $(subdir-obj-y) is the list of objects in $(obj-y) which uses dir/ to
-# tell kbuild to descend
-subdir-obj-y := $(filter %/built-in.a, $(obj-y))
-
 # Replace multi-part objects by their individual parts,
 # including built-in.a from subdirectories
 real-obj-y := $(foreach m, $(obj-y), $(if $(strip $($(m:.o=-objs)) $($(m:.o=-y)) $($(m:.o=-))),$($(m:.o=-objs)) $($(m:.o=-y)),$(m)))
@@ -78,10 +83,8 @@ endif
 extra-y		:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(extra-y))
 always-y	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(always-y))
 targets		:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(targets))
-modorder	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(modorder))
 obj-m		:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(obj-m))
 lib-y		:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(lib-y))
-subdir-obj-y	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(subdir-obj-y))
 real-obj-y	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(real-obj-y))
 real-obj-m	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(real-obj-m))
 multi-used-m	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(multi-used-m))
@@ -171,22 +174,22 @@ modkern_aflags = $(if $(part-of-module),				\
 			$(KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE) $(AFLAGS_MODULE),	\
 			$(KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL) $(AFLAGS_KERNEL))
 
-c_flags        = -Wp,-MD,$(depfile) $(NOSTDINC_FLAGS) $(LINUXINCLUDE)     \
+c_flags        = -Wp,-MMD,$(depfile) $(NOSTDINC_FLAGS) $(LINUXINCLUDE)     \
 		 -include $(srctree)/include/linux/compiler_types.h       \
 		 $(_c_flags) $(modkern_cflags)                           \
 		 $(basename_flags) $(modname_flags)
 
-a_flags        = -Wp,-MD,$(depfile) $(NOSTDINC_FLAGS) $(LINUXINCLUDE)     \
+a_flags        = -Wp,-MMD,$(depfile) $(NOSTDINC_FLAGS) $(LINUXINCLUDE)     \
 		 $(_a_flags) $(modkern_aflags)
 
-cpp_flags      = -Wp,-MD,$(depfile) $(NOSTDINC_FLAGS) $(LINUXINCLUDE)     \
+cpp_flags      = -Wp,-MMD,$(depfile) $(NOSTDINC_FLAGS) $(LINUXINCLUDE)     \
 		 $(_cpp_flags)
 
 ld_flags       = $(KBUILD_LDFLAGS) $(ldflags-y) $(LDFLAGS_$(@F))
 
 DTC_INCLUDE    := $(srctree)/scripts/dtc/include-prefixes
 
-dtc_cpp_flags  = -Wp,-MD,$(depfile).pre.tmp -nostdinc                    \
+dtc_cpp_flags  = -Wp,-MMD,$(depfile).pre.tmp -nostdinc                    \
 		 $(addprefix -I,$(DTC_INCLUDE))                          \
 		 -undef -D__DTS__
 
@@ -241,7 +244,7 @@ cmd_objcopy = $(OBJCOPY) $(OBJCOPYFLAGS) $(OBJCOPYFLAGS_$(@F)) $< $@
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 quiet_cmd_gzip = GZIP    $@
-      cmd_gzip = cat $(real-prereqs) | gzip -n -f -9 > $@
+      cmd_gzip = cat $(real-prereqs) | $(_GZIP) -n -f -9 > $@
 
 # DTC
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -287,13 +290,13 @@ $(obj)/%.dtb.S: $(obj)/%.dtb FORCE
 quiet_cmd_dtc = DTC     $@
 cmd_dtc = mkdir -p $(dir ${dtc-tmp}) ; \
 	$(HOSTCC) -E $(dtc_cpp_flags) -x assembler-with-cpp -o $(dtc-tmp) $< ; \
-	$(DTC) -O $(2) -o $@ -b 0 \
+	$(DTC) -O $(patsubst .%,%,$(suffix $@)) -o $@ -b 0 \
 		$(addprefix -i,$(dir $<) $(DTC_INCLUDE)) $(DTC_FLAGS) \
 		-d $(depfile).dtc.tmp $(dtc-tmp) ; \
 	cat $(depfile).pre.tmp $(depfile).dtc.tmp > $(depfile)
 
 $(obj)/%.dtb: $(src)/%.dts $(DTC) FORCE
-	$(call if_changed_dep,dtc,dtb)
+	$(call if_changed_dep,dtc)
 
 DT_CHECKER ?= dt-validate
 DT_BINDING_DIR := Documentation/devicetree/bindings
@@ -304,7 +307,7 @@ quiet_cmd_dtb_check =	CHECK   $@
       cmd_dtb_check =	$(DT_CHECKER) -u $(srctree)/$(DT_BINDING_DIR) -p $(DT_TMP_SCHEMA) $@
 
 define rule_dtc
-	$(call cmd_and_fixdep,dtc,yaml)
+	$(call cmd_and_fixdep,dtc)
 	$(call cmd,dtb_check)
 endef
 
@@ -334,19 +337,19 @@ printf "%08x\n" $$dec_size |						\
 )
 
 quiet_cmd_bzip2 = BZIP2   $@
-      cmd_bzip2 = { cat $(real-prereqs) | bzip2 -9; $(size_append); } > $@
+      cmd_bzip2 = { cat $(real-prereqs) | $(_BZIP2) -9; $(size_append); } > $@
 
 # Lzma
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 quiet_cmd_lzma = LZMA    $@
-      cmd_lzma = { cat $(real-prereqs) | lzma -9; $(size_append); } > $@
+      cmd_lzma = { cat $(real-prereqs) | $(LZMA) -9; $(size_append); } > $@
 
 quiet_cmd_lzo = LZO     $@
-      cmd_lzo = { cat $(real-prereqs) | lzop -9; $(size_append); } > $@
+      cmd_lzo = { cat $(real-prereqs) | $(_LZOP) -9; $(size_append); } > $@
 
 quiet_cmd_lz4 = LZ4     $@
-      cmd_lz4 = { cat $(real-prereqs) | lz4c -l -c1 stdin stdout; \
+      cmd_lz4 = { cat $(real-prereqs) | $(LZ4) -l -c1 stdin stdout; \
                   $(size_append); } > $@
 
 # U-Boot mkimage
@@ -393,7 +396,7 @@ quiet_cmd_xzkern = XZKERN  $@
                      $(size_append); } > $@
 
 quiet_cmd_xzmisc = XZMISC  $@
-      cmd_xzmisc = cat $(real-prereqs) | xz --check=crc32 --lzma2=dict=1MiB > $@
+      cmd_xzmisc = cat $(real-prereqs) | $(XZ) --check=crc32 --lzma2=dict=1MiB > $@
 
 # ASM offsets
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.modpost b/scripts/Makefile.modpost
index 957eed6..3651cbf 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.modpost
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.modpost
@@ -43,34 +43,30 @@ __modpost:
 include include/config/auto.conf
 include scripts/Kbuild.include
 
-kernelsymfile := $(objtree)/Module.symvers
-modulesymfile := $(firstword $(KBUILD_EXTMOD))/Module.symvers
-
 MODPOST = scripts/mod/modpost								\
 	$(if $(CONFIG_MODVERSIONS),-m)							\
 	$(if $(CONFIG_MODULE_SRCVERSION_ALL),-a)					\
-	$(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),-i,-o) $(kernelsymfile)					\
-	$(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),$(addprefix -e ,$(KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS)))			\
-	$(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),-o $(modulesymfile))					\
 	$(if $(CONFIG_SECTION_MISMATCH_WARN_ONLY),,-E)					\
-	$(if $(CONFIG_MODULE_ALLOW_MISSING_NAMESPACE_IMPORTS)$(KBUILD_NSDEPS),-N) 	\
-	$(if $(KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN),-w)
+	$(if $(KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN),-w) \
+	-o $@
 
 ifdef MODPOST_VMLINUX
 
-quiet_cmd_modpost = MODPOST vmlinux.o
-      cmd_modpost = $(MODPOST) vmlinux.o
+quiet_cmd_modpost = MODPOST $@
+      cmd_modpost = $(MODPOST) $<
 
-__modpost:
+vmlinux.symvers: vmlinux.o
 	$(call cmd,modpost)
 
-else
+__modpost: vmlinux.symvers
 
-MODPOST += $(subst -i,-n,$(filter -i,$(MAKEFLAGS))) -s -T - \
-	$(if $(KBUILD_NSDEPS),-d $(MODULES_NSDEPS))
+else
 
 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
-MODPOST += $(wildcard vmlinux)
+
+input-symdump := vmlinux.symvers
+output-symdump := Module.symvers
+
 else
 
 # set src + obj - they may be used in the modules's Makefile
@@ -80,22 +76,57 @@ src := $(obj)
 # Include the module's Makefile to find KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS
 include $(if $(wildcard $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/Kbuild), \
              $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/Kbuild, $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/Makefile)
+
+# modpost option for external modules
+MODPOST += -e
+
+input-symdump := Module.symvers $(KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS)
+output-symdump := $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/Module.symvers
+
+endif
+
+# modpost options for modules (both in-kernel and external)
+MODPOST += \
+	$(addprefix -i ,$(wildcard $(input-symdump))) \
+	$(if $(KBUILD_NSDEPS),-d $(MODULES_NSDEPS)) \
+	$(if $(CONFIG_MODULE_ALLOW_MISSING_NAMESPACE_IMPORTS)$(KBUILD_NSDEPS),-N)
+
+# 'make -i -k' ignores compile errors, and builds as many modules as possible.
+ifneq ($(findstring i,$(filter-out --%,$(MAKEFLAGS))),)
+MODPOST += -n
 endif
 
-# find all modules listed in modules.order
-modules := $(sort $(shell cat $(MODORDER)))
+# Clear VPATH to not search for *.symvers in $(srctree). Check only $(objtree).
+VPATH :=
+$(input-symdump):
+	@echo >&2 'WARNING: Symbol version dump "$@" is missing.'
+	@echo >&2 '         Modules may not have dependencies or modversions.'
 
-# Read out modules.order instead of expanding $(modules) to pass in modpost.
+# Read out modules.order to pass in modpost.
 # Otherwise, allmodconfig would fail with "Argument list too long".
-quiet_cmd_modpost = MODPOST $(words $(modules)) modules
-      cmd_modpost = sed 's/ko$$/o/' $(MODORDER) | $(MODPOST)
+quiet_cmd_modpost = MODPOST $@
+      cmd_modpost = sed 's/ko$$/o/' $< | $(MODPOST) -T -
 
-__modpost:
-	$(call cmd,modpost)
+$(output-symdump): $(MODORDER) $(input-symdump) FORCE
+	$(call if_changed,modpost)
+
+targets += $(output-symdump)
+
+__modpost: $(output-symdump)
 ifneq ($(KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL),1)
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modfinal
 endif
 
+PHONY += FORCE
+FORCE:
+
+existing-targets := $(wildcard $(sort $(targets)))
+
+-include $(foreach f,$(existing-targets),$(dir $(f)).$(notdir $(f)).cmd)
+
+PHONY += FORCE
+FORCE:
+
 endif
 
 .PHONY: $(PHONY)
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.package b/scripts/Makefile.package
index 02135d2..b2b6153 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.package
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.package
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ if test "$(objtree)" != "$(srctree)"; then \
 	false; \
 fi ; \
 $(srctree)/scripts/setlocalversion --save-scmversion; \
-tar -cz $(RCS_TAR_IGNORE) -f $(2).tar.gz \
+tar -I $(_GZIP) -c $(RCS_TAR_IGNORE) -f $(2).tar.gz \
 	--transform 's:^:$(2)/:S' $(TAR_CONTENT) $(3); \
 rm -f $(objtree)/.scmversion
 
@@ -127,9 +127,9 @@ util/PERF-VERSION-GEN $(CURDIR)/$(perf-tar)/);              \
 tar rf $(perf-tar).tar $(perf-tar)/HEAD $(perf-tar)/PERF-VERSION-FILE; \
 rm -r $(perf-tar);                                                  \
 $(if $(findstring tar-src,$@),,                                     \
-$(if $(findstring bz2,$@),bzip2,                                    \
-$(if $(findstring gz,$@),gzip,                                      \
-$(if $(findstring xz,$@),xz,                                        \
+$(if $(findstring bz2,$@),$(_BZIP2),                                 \
+$(if $(findstring gz,$@),$(_GZIP),                                  \
+$(if $(findstring xz,$@),$(XZ),                                     \
 $(error unknown target $@))))                                       \
 	-f -9 $(perf-tar).tar)
 
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.userprogs b/scripts/Makefile.userprogs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb41529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.userprogs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+#
+# Build userspace programs for the target system
+#
+
+# Executables compiled from a single .c file
+user-csingle	:= $(foreach m, $(userprogs), $(if $($(m)-objs),,$(m)))
+
+# Executables linked based on several .o files
+user-cmulti	:= $(foreach m, $(userprogs), $(if $($(m)-objs),$(m)))
+
+# Objects compiled from .c files
+user-cobjs	:= $(sort $(foreach m, $(userprogs), $($(m)-objs)))
+
+user-csingle	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/, $(user-csingle))
+user-cmulti	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/, $(user-cmulti))
+user-cobjs	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/, $(user-cobjs))
+
+user_ccflags	= -Wp,-MMD,$(depfile) $(KBUILD_USERCFLAGS) $(userccflags) \
+			$($(target-stem)-userccflags)
+user_ldflags	= $(KBUILD_USERLDFLAGS) $(userldflags) $($(target-stem)-userldflags)
+
+# Create an executable from a single .c file
+quiet_cmd_user_cc_c = CC [U]  $@
+      cmd_user_cc_c = $(CC) $(user_ccflags) $(user_ldflags) -o $@ $< \
+		      $($(target-stem)-userldlibs)
+$(user-csingle): $(obj)/%: $(src)/%.c FORCE
+	$(call if_changed_dep,user_cc_c)
+
+# Link an executable based on list of .o files
+quiet_cmd_user_ld = LD [U]  $@
+      cmd_user_ld = $(CC) $(user_ldflags) -o $@ \
+		    $(addprefix $(obj)/, $($(target-stem)-objs)) \
+		    $($(target-stem)-userldlibs)
+$(user-cmulti): FORCE
+	$(call if_changed,user_ld)
+$(call multi_depend, $(user-cmulti), , -objs)
+
+# Create .o file from a .c file
+quiet_cmd_user_cc_o_c = CC [U]  $@
+      cmd_user_cc_o_c = $(CC) $(user_ccflags) -c -o $@ $<
+$(user-cobjs): $(obj)/%.o: $(src)/%.c FORCE
+	$(call if_changed_dep,user_cc_o_c)
+
+targets += $(user-csingle) $(user-cmulti) $(user-cobjs)
diff --git a/scripts/basic/fixdep.c b/scripts/basic/fixdep.c
index 877ca2c..d985405 100644
--- a/scripts/basic/fixdep.c
+++ b/scripts/basic/fixdep.c
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ struct item {
 	struct item	*next;
 	unsigned int	len;
 	unsigned int	hash;
-	char		name[0];
+	char		name[];
 };
 
 #define HASHSZ 256
diff --git a/scripts/checkstack.pl b/scripts/checkstack.pl
index 371bd17..d2c3858 100755
--- a/scripts/checkstack.pl
+++ b/scripts/checkstack.pl
@@ -34,8 +34,10 @@ use strict;
 # $& (whole re) matches the complete objdump line with the stack growth
 # $1 (first bracket) matches the dynamic amount of the stack growth
 #
+# $sub: subroutine for special handling to check stack usage.
+#
 # use anything else and feel the pain ;)
-my (@stack, $re, $dre, $x, $xs, $funcre);
+my (@stack, $re, $dre, $sub, $x, $xs, $funcre, $min_stack);
 {
 	my $arch = shift;
 	if ($arch eq "") {
@@ -43,6 +45,11 @@ my (@stack, $re, $dre, $x, $xs, $funcre);
 		chomp($arch);
 	}
 
+	$min_stack = shift;
+	if ($min_stack eq "" || $min_stack !~ /^\d+$/) {
+		$min_stack = 100;
+	}
+
 	$x	= "[0-9a-f]";	# hex character
 	$xs	= "[0-9a-f ]";	# hex character or space
 	$funcre = qr/^$x* <(.*)>:$/;
@@ -53,7 +60,8 @@ my (@stack, $re, $dre, $x, $xs, $funcre);
 		$dre = qr/^.*sub.*sp, sp, #(0x$x{1,8})/o;
 	} elsif ($arch eq 'arm') {
 		#c0008ffc:	e24dd064	sub	sp, sp, #100	; 0x64
-		$re = qr/.*sub.*sp, sp, #(([0-9]{2}|[3-9])[0-9]{2})/o;
+		$re = qr/.*sub.*sp, sp, #([0-9]{1,4})/o;
+		$sub = \&arm_push_handling;
 	} elsif ($arch =~ /^x86(_64)?$/ || $arch =~ /^i[3456]86$/) {
 		#c0105234:       81 ec ac 05 00 00       sub    $0x5ac,%esp
 		# or
@@ -107,13 +115,50 @@ my (@stack, $re, $dre, $x, $xs, $funcre);
 }
 
 #
+# To count stack usage of push {*, fp, ip, lr, pc} instruction in ARM,
+# if FRAME POINTER is enabled.
+# e.g. c01f0d48: e92ddff0 push {r4, r5, r6, r7, r8, r9, sl, fp, ip, lr, pc}
+#
+sub arm_push_handling {
+	my $regex = qr/.*push.*fp, ip, lr, pc}/o;
+	my $size = 0;
+	my $line_arg = shift;
+
+	if ($line_arg =~ m/$regex/) {
+		$size = $line_arg =~ tr/,//;
+		$size = ($size + 1) * 4;
+	}
+
+	return $size;
+}
+
+#
 # main()
 #
-my ($func, $file, $lastslash);
+my ($func, $file, $lastslash, $total_size, $addr, $intro);
+
+$total_size = 0;
 
 while (my $line = <STDIN>) {
 	if ($line =~ m/$funcre/) {
 		$func = $1;
+		next if $line !~ m/^($xs*)/;
+		if ($total_size > $min_stack) {
+			push @stack, "$intro$total_size\n";
+		}
+
+		$addr = $1;
+		$addr =~ s/ /0/g;
+		$addr = "0x$addr";
+
+		$intro = "$addr $func [$file]:";
+		my $padlen = 56 - length($intro);
+		while ($padlen > 0) {
+			$intro .= '	';
+			$padlen -= 8;
+		}
+
+		$total_size = 0;
 	}
 	elsif ($line =~ m/(.*):\s*file format/) {
 		$file = $1;
@@ -134,37 +179,23 @@ while (my $line = <STDIN>) {
 		}
 		next if ($size > 0x10000000);
 
-		next if $line !~ m/^($xs*)/;
-		my $addr = $1;
-		$addr =~ s/ /0/g;
-		$addr = "0x$addr";
-
-		my $intro = "$addr $func [$file]:";
-		my $padlen = 56 - length($intro);
-		while ($padlen > 0) {
-			$intro .= '	';
-			$padlen -= 8;
-		}
-		next if ($size < 100);
-		push @stack, "$intro$size\n";
+		$total_size += $size;
 	}
 	elsif (defined $dre && $line =~ m/$dre/) {
-		my $size = "Dynamic ($1)";
+		my $size = $1;
 
-		next if $line !~ m/^($xs*)/;
-		my $addr = $1;
-		$addr =~ s/ /0/g;
-		$addr = "0x$addr";
+		$size = hex($size) if ($size =~ /^0x/);
+		$total_size += $size;
+	}
+	elsif (defined $sub) {
+		my $size = &$sub($line);
 
-		my $intro = "$addr $func [$file]:";
-		my $padlen = 56 - length($intro);
-		while ($padlen > 0) {
-			$intro .= '	';
-			$padlen -= 8;
-		}
-		push @stack, "$intro$size\n";
+		$total_size += $size;
 	}
 }
+if ($total_size > $min_stack) {
+	push @stack, "$intro$total_size\n";
+}
 
 # Sort output by size (last field)
 print sort { ($b =~ /:\t*(\d+)$/)[0] <=> ($a =~ /:\t*(\d+)$/)[0] } @stack;
diff --git a/scripts/gcc-plugins/Makefile b/scripts/gcc-plugins/Makefile
index 80f3542..4014ba7 100644
--- a/scripts/gcc-plugins/Makefile
+++ b/scripts/gcc-plugins/Makefile
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ $(objtree)/$(obj)/randomize_layout_seed.h: FORCE
 	$(call if_changed,create_randomize_layout_seed)
 targets = randomize_layout_seed.h randomize_layout_hash.h
 
-hostcxxlibs-y := $(foreach p,$(GCC_PLUGIN),$(if $(findstring /,$(p)),,$(p)))
+hostcxxlibs-y := $(GCC_PLUGIN)
 always-y := $(hostcxxlibs-y)
 
 $(foreach p,$(hostcxxlibs-y:%.so=%),$(eval $(p)-objs := $(p).o))
diff --git a/scripts/headers_install.sh b/scripts/headers_install.sh
index a07668a..94a8335 100755
--- a/scripts/headers_install.sh
+++ b/scripts/headers_install.sh
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ configs=$(sed -e '
 	d
 ' $OUTFILE)
 
-# The entries in the following list are not warned.
+# The entries in the following list do not result in an error.
 # Please do not add a new entry. This list is only for existing ones.
 # The list will be reduced gradually, and deleted eventually. (hopefully)
 #
@@ -98,18 +98,19 @@ include/uapi/linux/raw.h:CONFIG_MAX_RAW_DEVS
 
 for c in $configs
 do
-	warn=1
+	leak_error=1
 
 	for ignore in $config_leak_ignores
 	do
 		if echo "$INFILE:$c" | grep -q "$ignore$"; then
-			warn=
+			leak_error=
 			break
 		fi
 	done
 
-	if [ "$warn" = 1 ]; then
-		echo "warning: $INFILE: leak $c to user-space" >&2
+	if [ "$leak_error" = 1 ]; then
+		echo "error: $INFILE: leak $c to user-space" >&2
+		exit 1
 	fi
 done
 
diff --git a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
index 3adef49..57cb14b 100755
--- a/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
+++ b/scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
@@ -241,8 +241,6 @@ on_signals()
 }
 trap on_signals HUP INT QUIT TERM
 
-#
-#
 # Use "make V=1" to debug this script
 case "${KBUILD_VERBOSE}" in
 *1*)
diff --git a/scripts/mkcompile_h b/scripts/mkcompile_h
index 5b80a46..baf3ab8 100755
--- a/scripts/mkcompile_h
+++ b/scripts/mkcompile_h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ ARCH=$2
 SMP=$3
 PREEMPT=$4
 PREEMPT_RT=$5
-CC=$6
+CC_VERSION="$6"
 LD=$7
 
 vecho() { [ "${quiet}" = "silent_" ] || echo "$@" ; }
@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ UTS_VERSION="$(echo $UTS_VERSION $CONFIG_FLAGS $TIMESTAMP | cut -b -$UTS_LEN)"
   printf '#define LINUX_COMPILE_BY "%s"\n' "$LINUX_COMPILE_BY"
   echo \#define LINUX_COMPILE_HOST \"$LINUX_COMPILE_HOST\"
 
-  CC_VERSION=$($CC -v 2>&1 | grep ' version ' | sed 's/[[:space:]]*$//')
   LD_VERSION=$($LD -v | head -n1 | sed 's/(compatible with [^)]*)//' \
 		      | sed 's/[[:space:]]*$//')
   printf '#define LINUX_COMPILER "%s"\n' "$CC_VERSION, $LD_VERSION"
diff --git a/scripts/mksysmap b/scripts/mksysmap
index a35acc0..9aa23d1 100755
--- a/scripts/mksysmap
+++ b/scripts/mksysmap
@@ -41,4 +41,4 @@
 # so we just ignore them to let readprofile continue to work.
 # (At least sparc64 has __crc_ in the middle).
 
-$NM -n $1 | grep -v '\( [aNUw] \)\|\(__crc_\)\|\( \$[adt]\)\|\( .L\)' > $2
+$NM -n $1 | grep -v '\( [aNUw] \)\|\(__crc_\)\|\( \$[adt]\)\|\( \.L\)' > $2
diff --git a/scripts/mod/modpost.c b/scripts/mod/modpost.c
index 9a98af9..6aea65c 100644
--- a/scripts/mod/modpost.c
+++ b/scripts/mod/modpost.c
@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ static int have_vmlinux = 0;
 static int all_versions = 0;
 /* If we are modposting external module set to 1 */
 static int external_module = 0;
-/* Warn about section mismatch in vmlinux if set to 1 */
-static int vmlinux_section_warnings = 1;
 /* Only warn about unresolved symbols */
 static int warn_unresolved = 0;
 /* How a symbol is exported */
@@ -90,26 +88,61 @@ static inline bool strends(const char *str, const char *postfix)
 	return strcmp(str + strlen(str) - strlen(postfix), postfix) == 0;
 }
 
-static int is_vmlinux(const char *modname)
+void *do_nofail(void *ptr, const char *expr)
 {
-	const char *myname;
+	if (!ptr)
+		fatal("Memory allocation failure: %s.\n", expr);
 
-	myname = strrchr(modname, '/');
-	if (myname)
-		myname++;
-	else
-		myname = modname;
+	return ptr;
+}
+
+char *read_text_file(const char *filename)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	size_t nbytes;
+	int fd;
+	char *buf;
+
+	fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		perror(filename);
+		exit(1);
+	}
 
-	return (strcmp(myname, "vmlinux") == 0) ||
-	       (strcmp(myname, "vmlinux.o") == 0);
+	if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
+		perror(filename);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	buf = NOFAIL(malloc(st.st_size + 1));
+
+	nbytes = st.st_size;
+
+	while (nbytes) {
+		ssize_t bytes_read;
+
+		bytes_read = read(fd, buf, nbytes);
+		if (bytes_read < 0) {
+			perror(filename);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		nbytes -= bytes_read;
+	}
+	buf[st.st_size] = '\0';
+
+	close(fd);
+
+	return buf;
 }
 
-void *do_nofail(void *ptr, const char *expr)
+char *get_line(char **stringp)
 {
-	if (!ptr)
-		fatal("Memory allocation failure: %s.\n", expr);
+	/* do not return the unwanted extra line at EOF */
+	if (*stringp && **stringp == '\0')
+		return NULL;
 
-	return ptr;
+	return strsep(stringp, "\n");
 }
 
 /* A list of all modules we processed */
@@ -128,24 +161,20 @@ static struct module *find_module(const char *modname)
 static struct module *new_module(const char *modname)
 {
 	struct module *mod;
-	char *p;
 
-	mod = NOFAIL(malloc(sizeof(*mod)));
+	mod = NOFAIL(malloc(sizeof(*mod) + strlen(modname) + 1));
 	memset(mod, 0, sizeof(*mod));
-	p = NOFAIL(strdup(modname));
-
-	/* strip trailing .o */
-	if (strends(p, ".o")) {
-		p[strlen(p) - 2] = '\0';
-		mod->is_dot_o = 1;
-	}
 
 	/* add to list */
-	mod->name = p;
+	strcpy(mod->name, modname);
+	mod->is_vmlinux = (strcmp(modname, "vmlinux") == 0);
 	mod->gpl_compatible = -1;
 	mod->next = modules;
 	modules = mod;
 
+	if (mod->is_vmlinux)
+		have_vmlinux = 1;
+
 	return mod;
 }
 
@@ -161,12 +190,9 @@ struct symbol {
 	int crc_valid;
 	char *namespace;
 	unsigned int weak:1;
-	unsigned int vmlinux:1;    /* 1 if symbol is defined in vmlinux */
-	unsigned int kernel:1;     /* 1 if symbol is from kernel
-				    *  (only for external modules) **/
 	unsigned int is_static:1;  /* 1 if symbol is not global */
 	enum export  export;       /* Type of export */
-	char name[0];
+	char name[];
 };
 
 static struct symbol *symbolhash[SYMBOL_HASH_SIZE];
@@ -288,29 +314,32 @@ static enum export export_no(const char *s)
 	return export_unknown;
 }
 
-static const char *sech_name(struct elf_info *elf, Elf_Shdr *sechdr)
+static void *sym_get_data_by_offset(const struct elf_info *info,
+				    unsigned int secindex, unsigned long offset)
 {
-	return (void *)elf->hdr +
-		elf->sechdrs[elf->secindex_strings].sh_offset +
-		sechdr->sh_name;
-}
+	Elf_Shdr *sechdr = &info->sechdrs[secindex];
 
-static const char *sec_name(struct elf_info *elf, int secindex)
-{
-	return sech_name(elf, &elf->sechdrs[secindex]);
+	if (info->hdr->e_type != ET_REL)
+		offset -= sechdr->sh_addr;
+
+	return (void *)info->hdr + sechdr->sh_offset + offset;
 }
 
 static void *sym_get_data(const struct elf_info *info, const Elf_Sym *sym)
 {
-	unsigned int secindex = get_secindex(info, sym);
-	Elf_Shdr *sechdr = &info->sechdrs[secindex];
-	unsigned long offset;
+	return sym_get_data_by_offset(info, get_secindex(info, sym),
+				      sym->st_value);
+}
 
-	offset = sym->st_value;
-	if (info->hdr->e_type != ET_REL)
-		offset -= sechdr->sh_addr;
+static const char *sech_name(const struct elf_info *info, Elf_Shdr *sechdr)
+{
+	return sym_get_data_by_offset(info, info->secindex_strings,
+				      sechdr->sh_name);
+}
 
-	return (void *)info->hdr + sechdr->sh_offset + offset;
+static const char *sec_name(const struct elf_info *info, int secindex)
+{
+	return sech_name(info, &info->sechdrs[secindex]);
 }
 
 #define strstarts(str, prefix) (strncmp(str, prefix, strlen(prefix)) == 0)
@@ -386,17 +415,15 @@ static struct symbol *sym_add_exported(const char *name, struct module *mod,
 
 	if (!s) {
 		s = new_symbol(name, mod, export);
-	} else if (!external_module || is_vmlinux(s->module->name) ||
+	} else if (!external_module || s->module->is_vmlinux ||
 		   s->module == mod) {
 		warn("%s: '%s' exported twice. Previous export was in %s%s\n",
 		     mod->name, name, s->module->name,
-		     is_vmlinux(s->module->name) ? "" : ".ko");
+		     s->module->is_vmlinux ? "" : ".ko");
 		return s;
 	}
 
 	s->module = mod;
-	s->vmlinux   = is_vmlinux(mod->name);
-	s->kernel    = 0;
 	s->export    = export;
 	return s;
 }
@@ -416,7 +443,7 @@ static void sym_set_crc(const char *name, unsigned int crc)
 	s->crc_valid = 1;
 }
 
-void *grab_file(const char *filename, unsigned long *size)
+static void *grab_file(const char *filename, size_t *size)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	void *map = MAP_FAILED;
@@ -438,41 +465,7 @@ failed:
 	return map;
 }
 
-/**
-  * Return a copy of the next line in a mmap'ed file.
-  * spaces in the beginning of the line is trimmed away.
-  * Return a pointer to a static buffer.
-  **/
-char *get_next_line(unsigned long *pos, void *file, unsigned long size)
-{
-	static char line[4096];
-	int skip = 1;
-	size_t len = 0;
-	signed char *p = (signed char *)file + *pos;
-	char *s = line;
-
-	for (; *pos < size ; (*pos)++) {
-		if (skip && isspace(*p)) {
-			p++;
-			continue;
-		}
-		skip = 0;
-		if (*p != '\n' && (*pos < size)) {
-			len++;
-			*s++ = *p++;
-			if (len > 4095)
-				break; /* Too long, stop */
-		} else {
-			/* End of string */
-			*s = '\0';
-			return line;
-		}
-	}
-	/* End of buffer */
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-void release_file(void *file, unsigned long size)
+static void release_file(void *file, size_t size)
 {
 	munmap(file, size);
 }
@@ -528,9 +521,8 @@ static int parse_elf(struct elf_info *info, const char *filename)
 
 	/* Check if file offset is correct */
 	if (hdr->e_shoff > info->size) {
-		fatal("section header offset=%lu in file '%s' is bigger than "
-		      "filesize=%lu\n", (unsigned long)hdr->e_shoff,
-		      filename, info->size);
+		fatal("section header offset=%lu in file '%s' is bigger than filesize=%zu\n",
+		      (unsigned long)hdr->e_shoff, filename, info->size);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -683,7 +675,7 @@ static void handle_modversion(const struct module *mod,
 
 	if (sym->st_shndx == SHN_UNDEF) {
 		warn("EXPORT symbol \"%s\" [%s%s] version generation failed, symbol will not be versioned.\n",
-		     symname, mod->name, is_vmlinux(mod->name) ? "":".ko");
+		     symname, mod->name, mod->is_vmlinux ? "" : ".ko");
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -705,8 +697,7 @@ static void handle_symbol(struct module *mod, struct elf_info *info,
 	enum export export;
 	const char *name;
 
-	if ((!is_vmlinux(mod->name) || mod->is_dot_o) &&
-	    strstarts(symname, "__ksymtab"))
+	if (strstarts(symname, "__ksymtab"))
 		export = export_from_secname(info, get_secindex(info, sym));
 	else
 		export = export_from_sec(info, get_secindex(info, sym));
@@ -1752,11 +1743,7 @@ static void check_section_mismatch(const char *modname, struct elf_info *elf,
 static unsigned int *reloc_location(struct elf_info *elf,
 				    Elf_Shdr *sechdr, Elf_Rela *r)
 {
-	Elf_Shdr *sechdrs = elf->sechdrs;
-	int section = sechdr->sh_info;
-
-	return (void *)elf->hdr + sechdrs[section].sh_offset +
-		r->r_offset;
+	return sym_get_data_by_offset(elf, sechdr->sh_info, r->r_offset);
 }
 
 static int addend_386_rel(struct elf_info *elf, Elf_Shdr *sechdr, Elf_Rela *r)
@@ -2005,34 +1992,36 @@ static void read_symbols(const char *modname)
 	if (!parse_elf(&info, modname))
 		return;
 
-	mod = new_module(modname);
-
-	/* When there's no vmlinux, don't print warnings about
-	 * unresolved symbols (since there'll be too many ;) */
-	if (is_vmlinux(modname)) {
-		have_vmlinux = 1;
-		mod->skip = 1;
-	}
-
-	license = get_modinfo(&info, "license");
-	if (!license && !is_vmlinux(modname))
-		warn("missing MODULE_LICENSE() in %s\n"
-		     "see include/linux/module.h for "
-		     "more information\n", modname);
-	while (license) {
-		if (license_is_gpl_compatible(license))
-			mod->gpl_compatible = 1;
-		else {
-			mod->gpl_compatible = 0;
-			break;
+	{
+		char *tmp;
+
+		/* strip trailing .o */
+		tmp = NOFAIL(strdup(modname));
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 2] = '\0';
+		mod = new_module(tmp);
+		free(tmp);
+	}
+
+	if (!mod->is_vmlinux) {
+		license = get_modinfo(&info, "license");
+		if (!license)
+			warn("missing MODULE_LICENSE() in %s\n", modname);
+		while (license) {
+			if (license_is_gpl_compatible(license))
+				mod->gpl_compatible = 1;
+			else {
+				mod->gpl_compatible = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+			license = get_next_modinfo(&info, "license", license);
 		}
-		license = get_next_modinfo(&info, "license", license);
-	}
 
-	namespace = get_modinfo(&info, "import_ns");
-	while (namespace) {
-		add_namespace(&mod->imported_namespaces, namespace);
-		namespace = get_next_modinfo(&info, "import_ns", namespace);
+		namespace = get_modinfo(&info, "import_ns");
+		while (namespace) {
+			add_namespace(&mod->imported_namespaces, namespace);
+			namespace = get_next_modinfo(&info, "import_ns",
+						     namespace);
+		}
 	}
 
 	for (sym = info.symtab_start; sym < info.symtab_stop; sym++) {
@@ -2070,16 +2059,14 @@ static void read_symbols(const char *modname)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!is_vmlinux(modname) || vmlinux_section_warnings)
-		check_sec_ref(mod, modname, &info);
+	check_sec_ref(mod, modname, &info);
 
-	version = get_modinfo(&info, "version");
-	if (version)
-		maybe_frob_rcs_version(modname, version, info.modinfo,
-				       version - (char *)info.hdr);
-	if (version || (all_versions && !is_vmlinux(modname)))
-		get_src_version(modname, mod->srcversion,
-				sizeof(mod->srcversion)-1);
+	if (!mod->is_vmlinux) {
+		version = get_modinfo(&info, "version");
+		if (version || all_versions)
+			get_src_version(modname, mod->srcversion,
+					sizeof(mod->srcversion) - 1);
+	}
 
 	parse_elf_finish(&info);
 
@@ -2143,20 +2130,18 @@ void buf_write(struct buffer *buf, const char *s, int len)
 
 static void check_for_gpl_usage(enum export exp, const char *m, const char *s)
 {
-	const char *e = is_vmlinux(m) ?"":".ko";
-
 	switch (exp) {
 	case export_gpl:
-		fatal("GPL-incompatible module %s%s "
-		      "uses GPL-only symbol '%s'\n", m, e, s);
+		fatal("GPL-incompatible module %s.ko uses GPL-only symbol '%s'\n",
+		      m, s);
 		break;
 	case export_unused_gpl:
-		fatal("GPL-incompatible module %s%s "
-		      "uses GPL-only symbol marked UNUSED '%s'\n", m, e, s);
+		fatal("GPL-incompatible module %s.ko uses GPL-only symbol marked UNUSED '%s'\n",
+		      m, s);
 		break;
 	case export_gpl_future:
-		warn("GPL-incompatible module %s%s "
-		      "uses future GPL-only symbol '%s'\n", m, e, s);
+		warn("GPL-incompatible module %s.ko uses future GPL-only symbol '%s'\n",
+		     m, s);
 		break;
 	case export_plain:
 	case export_unused:
@@ -2168,13 +2153,11 @@ static void check_for_gpl_usage(enum export exp, const char *m, const char *s)
 
 static void check_for_unused(enum export exp, const char *m, const char *s)
 {
-	const char *e = is_vmlinux(m) ?"":".ko";
-
 	switch (exp) {
 	case export_unused:
 	case export_unused_gpl:
-		warn("module %s%s "
-		      "uses symbol '%s' marked UNUSED\n", m, e, s);
+		warn("module %s.ko uses symbol '%s' marked UNUSED\n",
+		     m, s);
 		break;
 	default:
 		/* ignore */
@@ -2349,7 +2332,7 @@ static void add_depends(struct buffer *b, struct module *mod)
 	/* Clear ->seen flag of modules that own symbols needed by this. */
 	for (s = mod->unres; s; s = s->next)
 		if (s->module)
-			s->module->seen = is_vmlinux(s->module->name);
+			s->module->seen = s->module->is_vmlinux;
 
 	buf_printf(b, "\n");
 	buf_printf(b, "MODULE_INFO(depends, \"");
@@ -2382,6 +2365,25 @@ static void add_srcversion(struct buffer *b, struct module *mod)
 	}
 }
 
+static void write_buf(struct buffer *b, const char *fname)
+{
+	FILE *file;
+
+	file = fopen(fname, "w");
+	if (!file) {
+		perror(fname);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	if (fwrite(b->p, 1, b->pos, file) != b->pos) {
+		perror(fname);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	if (fclose(file) != 0) {
+		perror(fname);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+}
+
 static void write_if_changed(struct buffer *b, const char *fname)
 {
 	char *tmp;
@@ -2414,32 +2416,24 @@ static void write_if_changed(struct buffer *b, const char *fname)
  close_write:
 	fclose(file);
  write:
-	file = fopen(fname, "w");
-	if (!file) {
-		perror(fname);
-		exit(1);
-	}
-	if (fwrite(b->p, 1, b->pos, file) != b->pos) {
-		perror(fname);
-		exit(1);
-	}
-	fclose(file);
+	write_buf(b, fname);
 }
 
 /* parse Module.symvers file. line format:
  * 0x12345678<tab>symbol<tab>module<tab>export<tab>namespace
  **/
-static void read_dump(const char *fname, unsigned int kernel)
+static void read_dump(const char *fname)
 {
-	unsigned long size, pos = 0;
-	void *file = grab_file(fname, &size);
-	char *line;
+	char *buf, *pos, *line;
 
-	if (!file)
+	buf = read_text_file(fname);
+	if (!buf)
 		/* No symbol versions, silently ignore */
 		return;
 
-	while ((line = get_next_line(&pos, file, size))) {
+	pos = buf;
+
+	while ((line = get_line(&pos))) {
 		char *symname, *namespace, *modname, *d, *export;
 		unsigned int crc;
 		struct module *mod;
@@ -2463,21 +2457,18 @@ static void read_dump(const char *fname, unsigned int kernel)
 			goto fail;
 		mod = find_module(modname);
 		if (!mod) {
-			if (is_vmlinux(modname))
-				have_vmlinux = 1;
 			mod = new_module(modname);
-			mod->skip = 1;
+			mod->from_dump = 1;
 		}
 		s = sym_add_exported(symname, mod, export_no(export));
-		s->kernel    = kernel;
 		s->is_static = 0;
 		sym_set_crc(symname, crc);
 		sym_update_namespace(symname, namespace);
 	}
-	release_file(file, size);
+	free(buf);
 	return;
 fail:
-	release_file(file, size);
+	free(buf);
 	fatal("parse error in symbol dump file\n");
 }
 
@@ -2489,7 +2480,7 @@ static int dump_sym(struct symbol *sym)
 {
 	if (!external_module)
 		return 1;
-	if (sym->vmlinux || sym->kernel)
+	if (sym->module->from_dump)
 		return 0;
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -2515,7 +2506,7 @@ static void write_dump(const char *fname)
 			symbol = symbol->next;
 		}
 	}
-	write_if_changed(&buf, fname);
+	write_buf(&buf, fname);
 	free(buf.p);
 }
 
@@ -2527,7 +2518,7 @@ static void write_namespace_deps_files(const char *fname)
 
 	for (mod = modules; mod; mod = mod->next) {
 
-		if (mod->skip || !mod->missing_namespaces)
+		if (mod->from_dump || !mod->missing_namespaces)
 			continue;
 
 		buf_printf(&ns_deps_buf, "%s.ko:", mod->name);
@@ -2542,8 +2533,8 @@ static void write_namespace_deps_files(const char *fname)
 	free(ns_deps_buf.p);
 }
 
-struct ext_sym_list {
-	struct ext_sym_list *next;
+struct dump_list {
+	struct dump_list *next;
 	const char *file;
 };
 
@@ -2551,28 +2542,24 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	struct module *mod;
 	struct buffer buf = { };
-	char *kernel_read = NULL;
 	char *missing_namespace_deps = NULL;
 	char *dump_write = NULL, *files_source = NULL;
 	int opt;
 	int err;
 	int n;
-	struct ext_sym_list *extsym_iter;
-	struct ext_sym_list *extsym_start = NULL;
+	struct dump_list *dump_read_start = NULL;
+	struct dump_list **dump_read_iter = &dump_read_start;
 
-	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "i:e:mnsT:o:awENd:")) != -1) {
+	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ei:mnT:o:awENd:")) != -1) {
 		switch (opt) {
-		case 'i':
-			kernel_read = optarg;
-			external_module = 1;
-			break;
 		case 'e':
 			external_module = 1;
-			extsym_iter =
-			   NOFAIL(malloc(sizeof(*extsym_iter)));
-			extsym_iter->next = extsym_start;
-			extsym_iter->file = optarg;
-			extsym_start = extsym_iter;
+			break;
+		case 'i':
+			*dump_read_iter =
+				NOFAIL(calloc(1, sizeof(**dump_read_iter)));
+			(*dump_read_iter)->file = optarg;
+			dump_read_iter = &(*dump_read_iter)->next;
 			break;
 		case 'm':
 			modversions = 1;
@@ -2586,9 +2573,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		case 'a':
 			all_versions = 1;
 			break;
-		case 's':
-			vmlinux_section_warnings = 0;
-			break;
 		case 'T':
 			files_source = optarg;
 			break;
@@ -2609,13 +2593,13 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (kernel_read)
-		read_dump(kernel_read, 1);
-	while (extsym_start) {
-		read_dump(extsym_start->file, 0);
-		extsym_iter = extsym_start->next;
-		free(extsym_start);
-		extsym_start = extsym_iter;
+	while (dump_read_start) {
+		struct dump_list *tmp;
+
+		read_dump(dump_read_start->file);
+		tmp = dump_read_start->next;
+		free(dump_read_start);
+		dump_read_start = tmp;
 	}
 
 	while (optind < argc)
@@ -2624,12 +2608,19 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (files_source)
 		read_symbols_from_files(files_source);
 
+	/*
+	 * When there's no vmlinux, don't print warnings about
+	 * unresolved symbols (since there'll be too many ;)
+	 */
+	if (!have_vmlinux)
+		warn("Symbol info of vmlinux is missing. Unresolved symbol check will be entirely skipped.\n");
+
 	err = 0;
 
 	for (mod = modules; mod; mod = mod->next) {
 		char fname[PATH_MAX];
 
-		if (mod->skip)
+		if (mod->is_vmlinux || mod->from_dump)
 			continue;
 
 		buf.pos = 0;
@@ -2662,13 +2653,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		struct symbol *s;
 
 		for (s = symbolhash[n]; s; s = s->next) {
-			/*
-			 * Do not check "vmlinux". This avoids the same warnings
-			 * shown twice, and false-positives for ARCH=um.
-			 */
-			if (is_vmlinux(s->module->name) && !s->module->is_dot_o)
-				continue;
-
 			if (s->is_static)
 				warn("\"%s\" [%s] is a static %s\n",
 				     s->name, s->module->name,
diff --git a/scripts/mod/modpost.h b/scripts/mod/modpost.h
index 60dca9b..3aa0527 100644
--- a/scripts/mod/modpost.h
+++ b/scripts/mod/modpost.h
@@ -111,29 +111,29 @@ buf_write(struct buffer *buf, const char *s, int len);
 
 struct namespace_list {
 	struct namespace_list *next;
-	char namespace[0];
+	char namespace[];
 };
 
 struct module {
 	struct module *next;
-	const char *name;
 	int gpl_compatible;
 	struct symbol *unres;
+	int from_dump;  /* 1 if module was loaded from *.symvers */
+	int is_vmlinux;
 	int seen;
-	int skip;
 	int has_init;
 	int has_cleanup;
 	struct buffer dev_table_buf;
 	char	     srcversion[25];
-	int is_dot_o;
 	// Missing namespace dependencies
 	struct namespace_list *missing_namespaces;
 	// Actual imported namespaces
 	struct namespace_list *imported_namespaces;
+	char name[];
 };
 
 struct elf_info {
-	unsigned long size;
+	size_t size;
 	Elf_Ehdr     *hdr;
 	Elf_Shdr     *sechdrs;
 	Elf_Sym      *symtab_start;
@@ -187,16 +187,11 @@ void handle_moddevtable(struct module *mod, struct elf_info *info,
 void add_moddevtable(struct buffer *buf, struct module *mod);
 
 /* sumversion.c */
-void maybe_frob_rcs_version(const char *modfilename,
-			    char *version,
-			    void *modinfo,
-			    unsigned long modinfo_offset);
 void get_src_version(const char *modname, char sum[], unsigned sumlen);
 
 /* from modpost.c */
-void *grab_file(const char *filename, unsigned long *size);
-char* get_next_line(unsigned long *pos, void *file, unsigned long size);
-void release_file(void *file, unsigned long size);
+char *read_text_file(const char *filename);
+char *get_line(char **stringp);
 
 enum loglevel {
 	LOG_WARN,
diff --git a/scripts/mod/sumversion.c b/scripts/mod/sumversion.c
index 6306202..d587f40 100644
--- a/scripts/mod/sumversion.c
+++ b/scripts/mod/sumversion.c
@@ -258,9 +258,8 @@ static int parse_file(const char *fname, struct md4_ctx *md)
 	char *file;
 	unsigned long i, len;
 
-	file = grab_file(fname, &len);
-	if (!file)
-		return 0;
+	file = read_text_file(fname);
+	len = strlen(file);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 		/* Collapse and ignore \ and CR. */
@@ -287,7 +286,7 @@ static int parse_file(const char *fname, struct md4_ctx *md)
 
 		add_char(file[i], md);
 	}
-	release_file(file, len);
+	free(file);
 	return 1;
 }
 /* Check whether the file is a static library or not */
@@ -304,9 +303,8 @@ static int is_static_library(const char *objfile)
  * to figure out source files. */
 static int parse_source_files(const char *objfile, struct md4_ctx *md)
 {
-	char *cmd, *file, *line, *dir;
+	char *cmd, *file, *line, *dir, *pos;
 	const char *base;
-	unsigned long flen, pos = 0;
 	int dirlen, ret = 0, check_files = 0;
 
 	cmd = NOFAIL(malloc(strlen(objfile) + sizeof("..cmd")));
@@ -324,14 +322,12 @@ static int parse_source_files(const char *objfile, struct md4_ctx *md)
 	strncpy(dir, objfile, dirlen);
 	dir[dirlen] = '\0';
 
-	file = grab_file(cmd, &flen);
-	if (!file) {
-		warn("could not find %s for %s\n", cmd, objfile);
-		goto out;
-	}
+	file = read_text_file(cmd);
+
+	pos = file;
 
 	/* Sum all files in the same dir or subdirs. */
-	while ((line = get_next_line(&pos, file, flen)) != NULL) {
+	while ((line = get_line(&pos))) {
 		char* p = line;
 
 		if (strncmp(line, "source_", sizeof("source_")-1) == 0) {
@@ -382,8 +378,7 @@ static int parse_source_files(const char *objfile, struct md4_ctx *md)
 	/* Everyone parsed OK */
 	ret = 1;
 out_file:
-	release_file(file, flen);
-out:
+	free(file);
 	free(dir);
 	free(cmd);
 	return ret;
@@ -392,106 +387,34 @@ out:
 /* Calc and record src checksum. */
 void get_src_version(const char *modname, char sum[], unsigned sumlen)
 {
-	void *file;
-	unsigned long len;
+	char *buf, *pos, *firstline;
 	struct md4_ctx md;
-	char *sources, *end, *fname;
+	char *fname;
 	char filelist[PATH_MAX + 1];
 
 	/* objects for a module are listed in the first line of *.mod file. */
 	snprintf(filelist, sizeof(filelist), "%.*smod",
 		 (int)strlen(modname) - 1, modname);
 
-	file = grab_file(filelist, &len);
-	if (!file)
-		/* not a module or .mod file missing - ignore */
-		return;
+	buf = read_text_file(filelist);
 
-	sources = file;
-
-	end = strchr(sources, '\n');
-	if (!end) {
+	pos = buf;
+	firstline = get_line(&pos);
+	if (!firstline) {
 		warn("bad ending versions file for %s\n", modname);
-		goto release;
+		goto free;
 	}
-	*end = '\0';
 
 	md4_init(&md);
-	while ((fname = strsep(&sources, " ")) != NULL) {
+	while ((fname = strsep(&firstline, " "))) {
 		if (!*fname)
 			continue;
 		if (!(is_static_library(fname)) &&
 				!parse_source_files(fname, &md))
-			goto release;
+			goto free;
 	}
 
 	md4_final_ascii(&md, sum, sumlen);
-release:
-	release_file(file, len);
-}
-
-static void write_version(const char *filename, const char *sum,
-			  unsigned long offset)
-{
-	int fd;
-
-	fd = open(filename, O_RDWR);
-	if (fd < 0) {
-		warn("changing sum in %s failed: %s\n",
-			filename, strerror(errno));
-		return;
-	}
-
-	if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == (off_t)-1) {
-		warn("changing sum in %s:%lu failed: %s\n",
-			filename, offset, strerror(errno));
-		goto out;
-	}
-
-	if (write(fd, sum, strlen(sum)+1) != strlen(sum)+1) {
-		warn("writing sum in %s failed: %s\n",
-			filename, strerror(errno));
-		goto out;
-	}
-out:
-	close(fd);
-}
-
-static int strip_rcs_crap(char *version)
-{
-	unsigned int len, full_len;
-
-	if (strncmp(version, "$Revision", strlen("$Revision")) != 0)
-		return 0;
-
-	/* Space for version string follows. */
-	full_len = strlen(version) + strlen(version + strlen(version) + 1) + 2;
-
-	/* Move string to start with version number: prefix will be
-	 * $Revision$ or $Revision: */
-	len = strlen("$Revision");
-	if (version[len] == ':' || version[len] == '$')
-		len++;
-	while (isspace(version[len]))
-		len++;
-	memmove(version, version+len, full_len-len);
-	full_len -= len;
-
-	/* Preserve up to next whitespace. */
-	len = 0;
-	while (version[len] && !isspace(version[len]))
-		len++;
-	memmove(version + len, version + strlen(version),
-		full_len - strlen(version));
-	return 1;
-}
-
-/* Clean up RCS-style version numbers. */
-void maybe_frob_rcs_version(const char *modfilename,
-			    char *version,
-			    void *modinfo,
-			    unsigned long version_offset)
-{
-	if (strip_rcs_crap(version))
-		write_version(modfilename, version, version_offset);
+free:
+	free(buf);
 }
diff --git a/scripts/modules-check.sh b/scripts/modules-check.sh
index f51f446..43de226 100755
--- a/scripts/modules-check.sh
+++ b/scripts/modules-check.sh
@@ -3,14 +3,24 @@
 
 set -e
 
+if [ $# != 1 ]; then
+	echo "Usage: $0 <modules.order>" >& 2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+exit_code=0
+
 # Check uniqueness of module names
 check_same_name_modules()
 {
-	for m in $(sed 's:.*/::' modules.order | sort | uniq -d)
+	for m in $(sed 's:.*/::' $1 | sort | uniq -d)
 	do
-		echo "warning: same module names found:" >&2
+		echo "error: the following would cause module name conflict:" >&2
 		sed -n "/\/$m/s:^:  :p" modules.order >&2
+		exit_code=1
 	done
 }
 
-check_same_name_modules
+check_same_name_modules "$1"
+
+exit $exit_code
diff --git a/scripts/package/buildtar b/scripts/package/buildtar
index 77c7cae..ad62c68 100755
--- a/scripts/package/buildtar
+++ b/scripts/package/buildtar
@@ -28,15 +28,15 @@ case "${1}" in
 		opts=
 		;;
 	targz-pkg)
-		opts=--gzip
+		opts="-I ${_GZIP}"
 		tarball=${tarball}.gz
 		;;
 	tarbz2-pkg)
-		opts=--bzip2
+		opts="-I ${_BZIP2}"
 		tarball=${tarball}.bz2
 		;;
 	tarxz-pkg)
-		opts=--xz
+		opts="-I ${XZ}"
 		tarball=${tarball}.xz
 		;;
 	*)
diff --git a/scripts/xz_wrap.sh b/scripts/xz_wrap.sh
index 7a2d372..76e9cbc 100755
--- a/scripts/xz_wrap.sh
+++ b/scripts/xz_wrap.sh
@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ case $SRCARCH in
 	sparc)          BCJ=--sparc ;;
 esac
 
-exec xz --check=crc32 $BCJ --lzma2=$LZMA2OPTS,dict=32MiB
+exec $XZ --check=crc32 $BCJ --lzma2=$LZMA2OPTS,dict=32MiB
diff --git a/usr/include/Makefile b/usr/include/Makefile
index b568a95..55362f3 100644
--- a/usr/include/Makefile
+++ b/usr/include/Makefile
@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@
 # We cannot go as far as adding -Wpedantic since it emits too many warnings.
 UAPI_CFLAGS := -std=c90 -Wall -Werror=implicit-function-declaration
 
-override c_flags = $(UAPI_CFLAGS) -Wp,-MD,$(depfile) -I$(objtree)/usr/include
+# In theory, we do not care -m32 or -m64 for header compile tests.
+# It is here just because CONFIG_CC_CAN_LINK is tested with -m32 or -m64.
+UAPI_CFLAGS += $(filter -m32 -m64, $(KBUILD_CFLAGS))
+
+override c_flags = $(UAPI_CFLAGS) -Wp,-MMD,$(depfile) -I$(objtree)/usr/include
 
 # The following are excluded for now because they fail to build.
 #